V21I5 (Oct/Nov 2019) by Redstone Media Group

ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS 10

THE TRUTH ABOUT

GRAIN-FREE DIETS

SELF-CARE TIPS FOR PET PARENTS

& HEART DISEASE

UPDATE:

TOP HERBS

WHAT VACCINES DO DOGS & CATS REALLY NEED?

FOR DIGESTIVE SUPPORT

MUST-READ GUIDE:

SWITCHING YOUR CAT TO A

RAW DIET TIPS FOR A HEALTHY

MICROBIOME

HAVEN

Read the inspiring story behind this Manhattan-based non-profit organization.

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2019 Display until November 11, 2019

$6.95 USA/Canada

CAT ARTICLES INSIDE! VOLUME 21 ISSUE 5

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CONTENTS October/November 2019

Columns

18 HEALING WITH

42 HEALING INSIDE

Top 5 herbs for canine & feline digestive health

Microbiome Restorative Therapy in companion animals

HERBS

Digestive upsets are common in dogs and cats. These five herbs can effectively alleviate diarrhea, vomiting and constipation, and even treat deeper problems.

Features 14

F eeding your dog’s nervous system

Many things can affect the health and function of your dog’s nervous system. Good nutrition helps ensure it does its job properly.

22 D ogs in the workplace — top 5 benefits Bringing your dog to work isn’t just good for his socialization skills — it’s also beneficial to you and your co-workers, and can reduce stress, boost morale, and much more.

C OVER STORY — Animal Haven

This Manhattan-based non-profit has spent the last half-century developing programs to help animals and people in need.

n update on vaccines and titer testing 50 Afor dogs and cats

Many veterinarians and their clients still opt for annual vaccines. Find out how to break free of this mold and protect your dog or cat from overvaccination.

S ay “cheese”! Training your dog to

pose for photos

If your dog doesn’t cooperate when you try to take good pictures of him, you’re not alone. These 5 tips will soon have you photographing your canine companion like a pro!

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26 KITTY LIFESTYLE Pick a litter for your kitty!

There’s a veritable smorgasbord of cat litter products on the market these days. Choosing the right one for you and your feline friend means understanding the pros and cons of each.

& OUT

MBRT is a procedure in which fecal material is transferred from a healthy animal to the GI tract of an ailing one. It helps balance the microbiome and treat digestive issues.

54 SELF CARE

10 self care tips for dog parents

You’re spending a lot of time looking after your new dog — but are you also looking after yourself? Here’s how to carve out time for self care when you’re a dog parent.

30 DIAGNOSTICS

56 EATING WELL

Gastrointestinal problems are common in dogs and cats, and can be challenging to diagnose. These tests narrow down the causes and make effective treatment possible.

From dulse to wakame, sea vegetables are packed with nutrition. Try these tasty and healthy recipes on your animal companion.

Diagnosing your animal’s digestive problems

34 VET Q&A

Can oregano oil be used for dogs?

With powerful healing qualities that range from antibacterial to immunesupportive, oregano oil has a variety of uses that can be applied to your canine companion.

Superfoods from the sea — they’re good for your dog or cat!

61 IN THE NEWS

More dogs and cats are eating better A recent survey has uncovered some interesting facts about how people feed their companion animals based on how they eat themselves.

36 CANINE BEHAVIOR

Do you understand your dog’s calming signals? You're stressed out and your dog seems to be doing the opposite of what you want him to do. He may simply be using canine calming signals to help ease your anxiety.

18 64 CAT NUTRITION

78 FELINE BEHAVIOR

90 ALTERNATIVE

Given how finicky felines can be, transitioning your kitty to a raw diet may seem overwhelming, but patience and persistence will pay off.

If your cat doesn’t seem his usual self, it’s possible he may be depressed. Learn the possible signs and symptoms, and work with your vet to uncover the cause and find a solution.

How gemmotherapy helps keep animals healthy in a toxic world

66 HEALTH WATCH

80 NUTRITION FACTS

Switching your cat to a raw diet?

Do grain-free diets really cause canine heart disease?

While the recent headlines may sound alarming, the connection between grainfree dog foods and heart disease isn’t as clear-cut as many believe.

72 MODALITY HIGHLIGHT

Animal Reiki — attracting more attention as a healing modality Once dismissed as bogus, Reiki is being brought into shelters, veterinary clinics and other animal facilities as an effective way to enhance healing and wellbeing in dogs and cats.

Is your cat depressed?

Crickets for canines

Take a look at the numerous benefits of cricket protein for dogs, and why it’s a feasible alternative to traditional meats.

84 IN FOCUS

Vet techs and what they do

How much do you know about the role your veterinary technician plays? Here’s how she can help you, and why she’s an invaluable member of your dog or cat’s healthcare team.

APPROACH

More and more toxins are polluting our environment, leading to bodily stress and disease in our dogs and cats. Gemmotherapy is an excellent way to help combat these effects.

98 IN THE NEWS Humanely reducing feral cat populations

A new study reveals the best way to reduce freeroaming cat populations while minimizing preventable deaths.

Departments 8 From the Editor 12 In the news 25 Business profile — Pureluxe

29 From the NASC 40

Fall favorites

Social Media

53 Business profile — NOW Pets

70 Product picks 76

Wellness resource guide

94 Must reads 95 Let's get social 96 Events 97 Classifieds

93 Marketplace

Tips, contests and more! AnimalWellnessMagazine

News, events, and tips! @ AW_magazine

Tips, pet photos, and more! AnimalWellnessMagazine

Crafts, laughs, and more! AnimalWellness

Animal Wellness

ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS

VOLUME 21 ISSUE 5

EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Editor-in-Chief: Dana Cox Managing Editor: Ann Brightman Associate Editor: Emily Watson Senior Graphic Designer: Dawn Cumby-Dallin Senior Graphic Designer: Alyssa Dow Social/Digital Media Manager: Elisabeth Dunphy Multimedia Content Developer: Rebecca Bloom Web Design & Development: Lace Imson Cover Image Courtesy of: Shannon Kirkman, Animal Haven COLUMNISTS & CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Amanda Ardente, DVM, PhD Suzi Beber, Honouris Causa Sue Becker, BFRP, BFRAP, CTTP Stephen R. Blake, BS, DVM, CVA, CVH, Usui Reiki Master Bill Bookout W. Jean Dodds, DVM Gerry Ellen Melinda Faubel Newton, DVM Holly Ganz, PhD Jodie Gruenstern, DVM, CVA Amy Hayek, DVM, MA, CVA, CVC Jean Hofve, DVM Katie Kangas, DVM, CVA, CVCP Ingrid King Shawn Messonnier, DVM Sandra Murphy Bill Ormston, DVM, CVC Susan Thixton Greg Tilford Tonya Wilhelm ADMINISTRATION & SALES President/C.E.O.: Tim Hockley Accounting: Susan Smith Circulation & Office Manager: Libby Sinden Subscription Services/Marketing & Administration Associate: Aimee Smith

ON THE COVER PHOTOGRAPH COURTESY OF:

Shannon Kirkman, Animal Haven

Yoyo is just one of thousands of dogs and cats that Animal Haven has rescued over the last 50+ years. As of this writing, he’s still waiting for his forever home! Despite his deafness and diminutive size, he has a big personality, knows some basic hand signals and enjoys affection – as long as it’s on his own terms! To learn more about Yoyo and Animal Haven’s work, turn to page 48.

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SUBMISSIONS: Please email all editorial material to Ann Brightman, Managing Editor, at ann@redstonemediagroup.com. We welcome previously unpublished articles and color pictures either in jpeg, tif or disc form at 300 dpi. We cannot guarantee that either articles or pictures will be used or that they will be returned. We reserve the right to publish all letters received. You can also mail submissions to: Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8. Please direct other correspondence to info@redstonemediagroup.com.

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ADVERTISING SALES National Sales Manager/Editorial Associate: Kat Shaw, (866) 764-1212 ext. 315 katshaw@redstonemediagroup.com Western Regional Manager: Becky Starr, (866) 764-1212 ext. 221 becky@redstonemediagroup.com Multimedia Consultant: Jamie McClure, (866) 764-1212 ext 227 jamie@redstonemediagroup.com Multimedia Consultant: Michelle Wegner, (866) 764-1212 ext 226 michelle@redstonemediagroup.com CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING: Libby Sinden classifiedads@animalwellnessmagazine.com TO SUBSCRIBE: Subscription price at time of this issue is $24.00 in the U.S. and Canada, including taxes for six issues shipped via surface mail. Subscriptions can be processed by: Website: www.animalwellnessmagazine.com Phone: (866) 764-1212 ext 115 US MAIL: Animal Wellness Magazine, 6834 S University Blvd PMB 155 Centennial, CO 80122 CDN MAIL: Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8 Subscriptions are payable by VISA, MasterCard, American Express, check or money order. The material in this magazine is not intended to replace the care of veterinary practitioners. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the editor, and different views may appear in other issues. Redstone Media Group Inc., publisher of Animal Wellness, does not promote any of the products orservices advertised by a third party advertiser in this publication, nor does Redstone Media Group Inc. verify the accuracy of any claims made in connection with such advertisers. Refund policy: call or write our customer service department and we will refund unmailed issues. DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME: Animal Wellness Magazine is available at a discount for resale in retail shops and through various organizations. Call Libby at (866) 764-1212 ext 100 and ask for dealer magazine sales, fax us at (705) 742-4596 or e-mail at libby@animalwellnessmagazine.com

Animal Wellness Magazine (ISSN 1710-1190) is published six times a year by Redstone Media Group Inc. Publications Mail Agreement #40884047. Entire contents copyright© 2019. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publication date: August 2019. proudly supporting

improving the lives of animals... one reader at a time.

FROM THE EDITOR

Feeding them right

y first dog Alice has been gone for quite a few years now, but I still remember her two favorite things in life — walks and food! Mealtimes were daily highlights for her, and she always licked her bowl clean. I have to admit the quality of her food wasn’t always the best, because back then we didn't know as much about nutrition. But as I think back, Alice did receive plenty of healthy treats and snacks to complement her diet. She loved crunching up raw carrots, for example, and I often shared bits of my own dinner with her in the form of chicken or fish. And she absolutely adored raw marrow bones — her eyes would literally light up as soon as she saw one. She’d carry the gift carefully away to a quiet spot, where she knew she wouldn’t be interrupted, and then get down to business. Those bones would keep her occupied for hours! Now, many year's later, our annual nutrition issue is always one of my favorites. It's a field that's constantly evolving, and this issue is packed full of topical articles you won’t want to miss. We take a look at how to best feed your dog's nervous system, and why that's so important. Be sure to check out our article on a novel new protein source — from crickets! — and its many health and earth-friendly benefits. And get educated about the misconceptions surrounding the link between grainfree diets and canine heart disease. We also cover nutritious

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sea vegetables you can share with your best friend; the top herbs for digestive health; microbiome restorative therapy; and how to switch your cat to a raw diet (you may know how picky kitties can be!). Don’t forget to also read our update on vaccines — and how to avoid over-vaccination. Find out how dogs can benefit your workplace environment, and meet the folks (and critters!) at Animal Haven, the amazing rescue organization we’re featuring on our cover. Finally, if you’re starting to gear up for the holidays, and want to include some great photos of your dog in your cards, or to share online, learn to train him to pose for portraits that will make you look like a pro! Naturally,

Ann Brightman Managing Editor

Visit our facebook page at facebook.com/AnimalWellnessMagazine

CONTRIBUTORS Veterinarian Dr. Stephen R. Blake received his DVM from Colorado State University in 1973. He practiced in San Diego for over 46 years, using homeopathy, acupuncture, Bach Flower therapy, aromatherapy, gemmotherapy and more. He retired from general practice in December 2018 but is still teaching and writing and has authored several books (thepetwhisperer.com). Dr. Blake is a founding member of the AHMVA, certified by IVAS in veterinary acupuncture, certified by AVH as a classical veterinary homeopath, and is a certified Usui Reiki Master. On page 90, he looks at gemmotherapy for pets. Veterinarian Dr. Jean Dodds received her veterinary degree in 1964 from the Ontario Veterinary College. In 1986, she established Hemopet, the first nonprofit national blood bank program for animals. Dr. Dodds has been a member of many committees on hematology, animal models of human disease and veterinary medicine. She received the Holistic Veterinarian of the Year Award from the AHVMA in 1994. Turn to page 50 for her article on vaccines for dogs and cats. Veterinarian Dr. Melinda Newton is also a freelance writer and is located in Northern California. She loves a good story and lots of miles on the trail with her Brittany dog at her side. She’s been telling stories about life, wellness and veterinary medicine on her blog since 2009 with a mission to inspire and motivate readers to do exciting things that make life richer (drmelnewton.com). On page 72, Dr. Newton looks at how animal Reiki is becoming more mainstream. Veterinarian Dr. Jodie Gruenstern graduated from UW-Madison in 1987. She is a certified veterinary acupuncturist and food therapist, vice president of the Veterinary Medical Aromatherapy Association (VMAA) and member of the AHVMA. Dr. Jodie is the author of Live with Your Pet in Mind! and the founder of Dr. Jodie’s Natural Pets (DrJodiesNaturalPets.com), Integrating People for Animal Wellness (iPAWaid.com) and Dr. Jodie’s Integrative Consulting, PLLC. For this issue (page 34) she shares her expertise on oregano oil for dogs. Veterinarian Dr. Amy Hayek graduated from Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in 1998. She opened her own practice in 2001 in Summerville, South Carolina. She teaches for Animal Chiropractic Education Source, has published in the Journal of the AVMA, and lectures for the AVCA and others. On page 14, Dr. Hayek is co-author of an article about feeding your dog’s nervous system. Retired veterinarian Dr. Jean Hofve earned her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine at Colorado State University. She also studied veterinary homeopathy, homotoxicology, Reiki and other holistic modalities. She has researched pet food and feline nutrition

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for more than two decades, and is an expert on holistic pet health and the commercial pet food industry. Dr. Hofve is an official advisor to AAFCO, and co-authored the books Holistic Cat Care and Paleo Dog. She provides advice on switching your cat to a raw diet on page 64. Veterinarian Dr. Katie Kangas graduated from the University of Wisconsin Veterinary College in 1993. She achieved her CVA certification at the Chi Institute in 2008, followed by additional training in Advanced Acupuncture, Food Therapy, Herbal Medicine and Veterinary Orthopedic Manipulation. Dr. Kangas owns Integrative Veterinary Care in San Diego, California. Her areas of special interest include nutrition/food medicine, dental health and pain management. See page 66 for her article on the misconceptions around grainfree diets and canine heart disease. Veterinarian Dr. Shawn Messonnier wrote The Natural Health Bible for Dogs and Cats, The Natural Vet’s Guide to Preventing and Treating Cancer in Dogs and 8 Weeks to a Healthy Dog. He’s the pet care expert for Martha Stewart Living’s “Dr. Shawn – The Natural Vet” on Sirius Satellite Radio, and creator of Dr. Shawn’s Pet Organics. His practice, Paws & Claws Animal Hospital (petcarenaturally.com), is in Plano, Texas. Dr. Messonnier looks at GI tests for pets on page 30. Veterinarian Dr. William Ormston graduated from Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine in 1988. He received certification from the AVCA and began using chiropractic to treat his animal patients. Jubilee Animal Health is a mobile practice in the Dallas Metroplex area where he cares for animals using mostly alternative methods. On page 14, Dr. Ormston co-authors an article on feeding your dog’s nervous system. Dr. Suzi Beber has been successfully creating special needs diets for companion animals for two decades. She founded the University of Guelph’s Smiling Blue Skies® Cancer Fund and Smiling Blue Skies® Fund for Innovative Research. She is the recipient of a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, and received the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, for her work in cancer, from the University of Guelph/Ontario Veterinary College. The Smiling Blue Skies Cancer Fund is the recipient of the “Pets + Us” Community Outreach Champion Award. Turn to page 56 for Suzi’s article on sea vegetables for pets. Dr. Holly Ganz is a microbiologist turned entrepreneur. In 2016, she left academic research at UC Davis to create AnimalBiome, a company that provides microbiome assessments for dogs and cats and creates restorative remedies to help promote healthy guts. Dr. Ganz received her PhD from UC Davis, where she studied coevolution between microbes and animals. Dr. Ganz is dedicated to improving animal health and wellness through applying the latest innovations in microbiology. For this issue (page 42), she writes about microbiome restorative therapy.

Greg Tilford is co-author of All You Ever Wanted to Know About Herbs for Pets. He is an internationally-renowned herbalist, author and co-developer of Animals' Apawthecary, a line of herb tinctures designed for dogs and cats. He is a leading expert in the field of veterinary herbalism and is a professional consultant, custom formulator and educator for veterinarians, manufacturers and publishers throughout North America. Greg is well known for his unprecedented work in the field of earth-conscious herbal medicine and has written three books on the subject: The EcoHerbalists Fieldbook, Edible & Medicinal Plants of the West and From Earth to Herbalist. For his article on top herbs for digestion, see page 18. Sue Becker is an animal communicator, a registered practitioner for Bach Flower Remedies and Tellington TTouch, and does intuitive distance healing. She has helped thousands of animals and their people in countries worldwide and receives numerous veterinarian referrals. Sue teaches for organizations at animal-related events and also through private consultations, workshops, telecourses for longdistance learning, written articles and individual mentoring. Turn to page 36 for her article on canine calming signals. Ingrid King is a former veterinary hospital manager and author of five cat books, including Buckley’s Story: Lessons from a Feline Master Teacher and Tortitude: The BIG Book of Cats with a BIG Attitude. Her blog, “The Conscious Cat”, is an award-winning resource for conscious living, health and happiness for cats and their humans (ConsciousCat.com). Ingrid writes for magazines and websites around the world. She writes about feline depression on page 78. Tonya Wilhelm is a dog training and cat care specialist who promotes positive ways to prevent and manage behavior issues. Named one of the top ten dog trainers in the US, she has helped thousands build happy relationships with their dogs using humane, positive training methods. She wrote Proactive Puppy Care; offers dog training classes; provides training and behavior services; and does workshops at pet expos (raisingyourpetsnaturally.com). Read Tonya’s article about training dogs to pose for photos — page 86. Gerry Ellen is a freelance creative writer, the author of three published books, a digital marketing copywriter, and a wellness entrepreneur. She began 8 Paws Wellness (eightpawswellness. squarespace.com) in 2015 with her rescue pup, Scout. Together, they are changing the world, one set of paws and feet at a time. Turn to page 22 for Gerry’s article on dogs in the workplace. Sandra Murphy lives in St Louis, Missouri. When she's not writing, she works as a pet sitter. On page 26, she looks at the pros and cons of different cat litter materials.

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IN THE NEWS SOUND-ABSORBING PANELS IN SHELTERS KEEP DOGS CALMER Barking-induced stress is a universal problem in animal shelters. The hard walls, floors and ceilings can create an echo chamber, causing one dog’s barking to reverberate throughout the entire facility, triggering excitement and additional barking among the other four-legged residents.

INCREASE IN ANIMAL WELFARE FUNDING The ASPCA commends the U.S. House of Representatives for including critical animal welfare provisions in H.R. 3055, the FY2020 spending bill that includes funding for the Departments of Agriculture, Interior and Justice, among others.

The Seguin Animal Shelter has found great succes s with the pa nels they installe d in their facility.

“This FY2020 Appropriations package includes critical provisions to help protect…dogs in puppy mills…and domestic violence victims and their pets, and it also prioritizes funding for animal cruelty investigations.” says Nancy Perry, senior vice president of ASPCA Government Relations.

To solve this issue, some shelters are investing in acoustic panels that absorb sound and reduce noise-related issues. One shelter in Seguin, Texas had 24 panels installed in its adoptable dog room, stray/impound room, and isolation and quarantine room.

The Agriculture Appropriations division alone includes several victories for animals, such as:

NEW INTERACTIVE RABIES MAP

• An amendment led by Rep. Joe Neguse to provide funds to the USDA’s Office of Inspector General for the enforcement of anti-animalfighting statutes.

Earlier this year, LawAtlas.org launched a comprehensive interactive map that provides information on state rabies vaccination laws for dogs and cats. Using the online map, you can explore:

Photo courtesy of LawAtlas.org

“In all the facilities I have worked with through my 20 years’ of experience, noise levels have always been an issue, causing stress in the animals,” says Shelly Lutz, Senior Officer and Animal Services Manager at the Seguin shelter. “The panels help keep the echo down. When we have barkers, the others don't seem to feed off it as much because the echo is reduced.” eckelusa.com/acoustic-panels/

• which states have a pre-exposure rabies vaccination law • which animals those laws apply to • the age for primary vaccination and booster vaccination As of March 9, 2018, 36 states and the • whether a certificate or proof of District of Columbia had pre-exposure rabies inoculation is issued and whether vaccination laws for domestic dogs and cats. a tag or tag number is issued after inoculation • whether rabies vaccination is required to obtain a license or registration for the animal, and any exemptions to this law • details about vaccination requirements for dogs and cats entering a state. Compiled by a team from the CDC Public Health Law Program and researchers at Temple University, the data includes laws from all 50 states and Washington, DC that were in effect as of March 9, 2018. It is currently available to the public at lawatlas.org/ datasets/rabies-vaccination-laws.

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• New funding to implement the PAWS Act, to help domestic violence victims and their pets

To learn more about the bill, visit aspca.org.

Photo courtesy of Dr. W. Jean Dodds

BREAKTHROUGH TEST DETECTS CHRONIC DISEASES IN ANIMALS

The CellBIO test kit comes with a cotton rope-like collection device for pet parents to collect their animals' saliva.

A ground-breaking new test developed by Hemopet, a non-profit animal blood bank, uses saliva to detect chronic diseases in dogs and cats. The cellular oxidative stress test, CellBIO, measures isoprostane, the biomarker lipid that leads to obesity, infections, tissue inflammation and even cancers.

CellBIO builds on NutriScan, another saliva-based diagnostic test developed by Hemopet that tests for food intolerances. According to Hemopet founder, veterinarian Dr. W. Jean Dodds, these tools can anticipate problems in dogs and cats, giving animal parents a chance to prevent problems with diet and supplement changes. CellBIO kits are complimentary and reports are emailed within five to seven days to animal parents, and to their veterinarians, if desired. cellbiomarkers.org

SPAYING/NEUTERING RISKS IN LARGE-BREED DOGS A new study reveals that spaying and neutering large-breed dogs can put them at higher risk for obesity and, in some cases, non-traumatic orthopedic injuries. The study was based on health data collected over six years from the Morris Animal Foundation Golden Retriever Lifetime Study cohort of more than 3,000 golden retrievers. Approximately one-half of the dogs in the study had undergone spay or neuter surgery.

COLORADO BANS ANIMAL ABUSERS FROM OWNING PETS

Dr. Simpson found that spayed or neutered dogs were 50% to 100% more likely to become overweight or obese — a risk that didn’t appear to be affected by age. However, the age of the dog at surgery does appear to be a significant factor in nontraumatic orthopedic injuries. Dr. Simpson found that dogs spayed or neutered before six months of age were at a 300% greater risk of sustaining these injuries. According to Dr. Simpson, the results can likely be applied to other large- and giantbreed dogs besides golden retrievers. To learn more, visit morrisanimalfoundation.org.

Photo courtesy of Sean Andersen-Vie

"For years, we’ve been taught that spaying or neutering your dog is part of being a responsible pet owner, but there really are advantages and disadvantages to consider when making that decision,” says Dr. Missy Simpson, Morris Animal Foundation epidemiologist and lead author on the paper.

In May of this year, Colorado Gov. Jared Polis (D) signed legislation banning animal abusers in Colorado from owning a pet for up to five years. He says the law will "increase restrictions of people convicted of felony pet animal cruelty, and facilitate mental health and treatments to address the underlying factors that drive tragic animal cruelty.” Much like a restraining order, the bill (known as the Animal Ban For Cruelty To Animals Conviction) allows a judge to prohibit a person convicted of felony animal cruelty from owning, possessing or caring for a pet for a period of three to five years. The judge can also rule that the abuser complete an anger management program or undergo other mental health treatment. leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb19-1092

Dusty Bottoms, an overweight golden retriever in Morris Animal Foundation's Golden Retriever Lifetime Study.

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FEEDING YOUR DOG’S

NERVOUS SYSTEM Many things can affect the health and function of your dog’s nervous system. Good nutrition helps ensure it does its job properly. By Bill Ormston, DVM, CVC, and Amy Hayek, DVM, MA, CVA, CVC

When you think about your dog’s health, you might not factor in his nervous system. But maintaining its proper function is very important to his well-being, physically and emotionally. Feeding your dog’s nervous system is one way to ensure it stays healthy and functions properly.

THE CANINE NERVOUS SYSTEM Your dog’s nervous system evolved to match the environment in which his species developed. His brain also changes depending on where and how he lives; when it is sending out signals of stress to the body, it becomes quicker at noticing small changes in the environment. This can result in behavioral changes that seem inappropriate.

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The priorities of your dog’s nervous system include being able to maintain an internal chemical environment that allows him to survive. Building protein chains is an important process of the nervous system; these chains help shape the animal and aid in communication between body systems.

BALANCED OMEGAS While modern dogs should eat meat on a regular basis, many commercially-prepared dog foods are grain-based. Grains and grain products tend to be inflammatory, produce fat rather than muscle, and provide different proteins to what the dog’s ancestors utilized to evolve into the modern animal. Your dog’s ancestors ate diets high in Omega 3 fatty acids, which

helped their prostaglandin* systems reduce inflammation when they were ill or wounded. This balanced their inflammatory responses to illness or infection to help them survive. Feeding your dog appropriate Omegabalanced diets comes down to feeding the kinds of protein and fat their ancestors ate. His nervous system developed as a result of these diets, which included bugs, lizards and meat from birds, small animals and fish. Modern dogs have an ancestral need for these types of protein.

ORGAN MEATS ARE KEY Integral to the canine diet are organ meats, which are made up of proteins that differ from those found in skeletal muscle meats. The wild canine that

catches his own prey will first eat the organs, then the muscle off the bones, before he eats the bones themselves, which are highly digestible when raw.

According to Roger Sperry, 1981 Nobel Laureate, “90% of the energy output of the brain is used in relating the physical body to its gravitational field.”

Carnivorous animals lack enzymes that affect their inflammatory and antiinflammatory systems. Both delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and D5D enzymes must be obtained from their food supply. This is why carnivorous animals prefer organ meats to muscle meats, as they supply dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), arachadonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Fish liver oils and organ meats are a must in order to keep the dog’s prostaglandin pathways functional.

Nerves transmit data from the brain and spinal column to the rest of the body and then back from these remote areas to the central nervous system. The input to your dog’s feet tells him which muscles to contract and which to relax in order to stand efficiently. When a healthy dog is standing, he is using very few muscles and very little energy. This allows energy to be utilized for maintaining organ systems, digesting food and healing damaged cells.

THE CNS AND BODY FUNCTION Body function and movement require a central nervous system (CNS) that is functioning at 100%. Every organ system in the body is controlled by the CNS.

One thing dogs are exceptional at doing is observing. They spend much of their time watching the world go by. This evolutionary skill allows them to more efficiently locate and then capture food without expending a lot of energy that can be used for other things. Continued on page 16.

DOES SIZE MATTER?

Large breed dogs tend to have slower metabolic rates than small breeds, so they need fewer carbohydrates. However, when we discuss nutrition in general, most dogs’ nervous systems require essentially the same vitamins, minerals, proteins and fats, and these are adjusted to the metabolic rate of the dog, not just his size. Smaller dogs generally move more than larger dogs, in part due to the need to assimilate more food. Smaller dogs that don’t get enough exercise will need more nervous system-quieting nutrients than larger dogs to help them process their energy in a positive manner. Certain vitamins and buffering minerals help the nervous system remain calm. They won’t need more calories, but they will need more nutrients found in the types of foods similar to what their ancestors used to eat.

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ENVIRONMENTAL

FACTORS

When wild carnivores become desperate for protein, they will eat items like acorns in an attempt to gain more protein in their diet. They are responding to their nutritional needs in an environment where these needs are not being met. Because the nervous system is affected by the entire environment with which it interacts, we need to consider the dog’s external environment as a balance to his internal environment. Dogs in different environments will need slightly different types of nutrition in order to affect their nervous systems in a positive manner. For example, a dog that doesn’t get any exercise will likely have some internal neurological issues to address. The nervous system responds better to movement than it does to remaining stationary.

START WITH A COMPLETE AND BALANCED HIGH QUALITY MEATBASED DIET THAT INCLUDES NUTRIENTRICH ORGAN MEATS AS WELL AS MUSCLE MEATS AND RAW BONE.

Continued from page 15. Healing requires 400% more energy than maintenance, and this energy will not be available in a dog that is exhibiting poor posture. A dog that stands with altered joint angles may lead to positive results on an orthopedic flexion test. Using more energy to stand leads to earlier fatigue. Thus, animals that can’t stand also begin to move less.

dairy products, raw fish and raw meat. Zinc absorption is inhibited by the phytic acid found in grains and legumes, particularly soy, which have not been properly prepared. The best sources of zinc are animal proteins — red meat, organ meats and some sea foods such as oysters. Both malnutrition and overeating interfere with D6D.

These dogs require a different diet to compensate for the fatigue and abnormal use of nutrients due to stress hormones released by the brain. They will need a diet similar to that of a dog that remains in a cage all day with no exercise. This isn’t because the dogs aren’t moving, but because both are similarly stressed and their nervous systems are working in similar ways; just as the inflammatory system is there to combat foreign invaders, it also turns on to combat stress.

Any time the nervous system is stressed, it releases hormones as a response to preserving life. When stress is a constant, daily, long term event, the metabolic level of the dog changes. Such dogs need more proteins of the appropriate types to help their nervous systems build the right kind of hormones, prostaglandins, and DNA and keep the system working and less inflamed.

NUTRITION AND THE STRESS RESPONSE Other ways to turn on the stress response include inappropriate nutrition. Deficiencies of biotin, vitamin E, protein, zinc, B12 and B6 all interfere with the action of D6D and other enzymes involved in prostaglandin production. B12 and B6 are found only in animal products and are highly sensitive to heat. Typical commercial dog foods are heated to 360°F in oils (usually corn or soy, which are high in Omega 6 but deficient in Omega 3). The heat damages the vitamins, proteins and other nutrients. The best sources of biotin, vitamin E, protein, zinc and B vitamins are raw

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As you can see, correctly feeding your dog’s nervous system depends on a number of factors. Start with a complete and balanced high quality meat-based diet that includes nutrientrich organ meats as well as muscle meats and raw bone. Environmental and lifestyle factors such as stress, lack of exercise, or issues with your dog’s posture can all affect the functioning of his nervous system; take them up with your AVCA-certified animal chiropractor, holistic or integrative veterinarian. Factoring your dog’s nervous system into his diet will lead to better health, balance and behavior! *Prostaglandins are derived from arachidonic acid and are hormone-like substances important to a wide range of body functions.

HEALING WITH HERBS

TOP

HERBS for canine and feline digestive health

By Greg Tilford

Digestive upsets

D gs Cats

are common in dogs and cats. These

five herbs

can effectively alleviate diarrhea, vomiting and constipation, and even treat deeper problems.

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Occasional digestive issues are a fact of life in dogs and cats. Whether caused by a new food, a late night garbage raid, or rich tidbits offered from the Thanksgiving dinner table, upsets are bound to happen. If a digestive ailment comes on suddenly and severely, or if minor symptoms like belching, flatulence or diarrhea persist for several days or recur often, then it’s time to see your vet. However, most forms of occasional digestive upset can be treated very effectively with a few herbs. Here are five of my favorites:

1. Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare)

Fennel seed serves as a gentle anti-gas and antispasmodic agent that can be added directly to your animal’s food, bringing symptomatic relief while you and your vet look for the deeper cause of the problem. Fennel seed works to relieve gastric discomfort caused by foods your dog or cat shouldn’t have eaten.

• A cooled fennel seed tea works very well for this purpose — one teaspoon of fresh or dried seeds (fresh are better) in eight ounces of boiling water, steeped until cool. Give two to four tablespoons of the cooled tea for each 20 pounds of a dog's body weight, or add it to drinking water, as generously as the animal will allow. • A glycerin tincture also works very well — give ten to 20 drops (more precisely, up to 0.75 ml) per 20 pounds of the dog's weight (ten drops for cats), as needed. Fennel is high in vitamins C and A, calcium, iron and potassium, and has varying amounts of linoleic acid. It is especially good for dogs and cats with chronic indigestion that cannot be attributed to a specific disease. Fennel also helps increase appetite, and freshens the breath through antibacterial activity in the mouth, and by minimizing belching.

2. Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Ginger is perhaps the most widely used digestive aid in the herbal realm. Numerous studies support its longstanding reputation as a digestive

tonic with amazing carminative (gasreducing) and intestinal spasmolytic (cramp-soothing) properties. Ginger also aids in the production of bile and various enzymes in the gut, improving the breakdown of foods, especially fats. As well, ginger helps regulate healthy gut motility, an attribute that has earned it a solid reputation as an effective remedy against nausea and motion sickness. I find glycerin-based extracts of ginger especially effective for these purposes when combined with peppermint and fennel seed. Although I am a big proponent of liquid herb extracts, ginger can also be used effectively in its whole dry-cut form, or as a freshlygrated addition to food. One quarter of a teaspoon per pound of food is a good guideline to follow for either form. If

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DIGESTIVE ENZYMES,

PROBIOTICS & PREBIOTIC HERBS Some animals digest and utilize their food very efficiently, while others do not, especially seniors. Although nutrient absorption will improve with a high quality diet, the body will still need help through supplementation. Due to modern farming and processing methods, many foods are lacking the probiotics, enzymes and prebiotics needed to keep the digestive tract healthy and operating at peak performance. • Digestive enzymes help catalyze the breakdown of foods into a form that can be readily utilized or eliminated by the body. Regardless of how good the food is, it must be properly digested. Otherwise, digestive issues like constipation and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can result. I highly recommend a daily digestive enzyme supplement. Most contain multiple enzymes to improve digestion, such as:

4 Protease — helps catalyze the breakdown of proteins 4 Cellulase — breaks down cell walls of vegetables and grains 4 Amylase — breaks down starches. • Animals (and humans) also need probiotics — beneficial bacteria that help optimize digestion by supporting gut microflora. Look for quality brands that advertise billions of live organisms, derived from multiple strains of bacteria. • A daily prebiotic is also a good idea. Generally speaking, prebiotics are starchy fiber compounds that are not digested or absorbed in the stomach, but instead go straight into the bowels where they ferment and selectively feed beneficial bacteria. The most notable prebiotic is inulin, a polysaccharide compound found in the roots of many plants. hicory root (cichorium intybus) is an inulin heavyweight; when C dried it contains up to 18% inulin. Simply add a scant pinch of chicory powder to food at mealtimes, or use a prebiotic supplement and follow label instructions.

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you are opting for a liquid extract, follow the manufacturer’s dosing instructions.

3. Marshmallow (Althea officinalis)

Marshmallow contains mucilage, a slightly sweet, gooey polysaccharide compound with the consistency of water-soluble motor oil. An alcoholfree extract or cooled infusion of marshmallow root can be used to coat intestinal mucosa with a slippery barrier that aids in stool transport while reducing inflammation. This herb also has antimicrobial and immune-stimulating properties in the gut. Studies have shown marshmallow root extract to be active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus — bacteria that can cause infections in the digestive tracts, urinary tracts, skin and ears of dogs and cats. A marshmallow tea or low-alcohol tincture is usually the best choice. However, the dried or fresh root may be better for problems deep within the digestive system, such as colitis. This is because marshmallow’s mucilage is highly water-soluble and may not reach the lower end of the digestive tract unless carried there in a solid “container”, namely the chopped or ground root. If you opt to use marshmallow tincture, make sure it doesn't contain more than 20% alcohol. The mucilage

movements), a small gel cap might be necessary to carry the marshmallow root powder through the digestive tract to the problem area. Or, a small amount of cooled tea or glycerite can be administered as a suppository, using a soft plastic pipette or ear syringe

4. Mint (Mentha species)

constituents don't take well to alcohol, and if too much is used in the tincturemaking process, the end product may cause nausea. I like glycerin tinctures of marshmallow, not only for this reason, but because the glycerin itself adds soothing protective qualities to the medicine. Marshmallow “glycerite” can be squirted directly into an animal's mouth — 1 ml (about 1/4 teaspoon) per 20 pounds of the dog’s body weight (less for cats), three times daily or as needed. A tea can be made by steeping a teaspoon of dried chopped marshmallow root (or two teaspoons of fresh root) in eight ounces of very hot water. Stir the tea frequently until it has cooled to lukewarm. You should be able to feel the slippery-oily nature of the mucilage when you rub a few drops of the tea between your thumb and index finger. If not, add more marshmallow root. One teaspoon of the tea is a good starting dose for dogs. Cats will usually benefit from ½ teaspoon. Marshmallow is also very good for lubricating and expelling hairballs, and will help relieve constipation. For this purpose, the dried powdered root can be added to a dog’s food at a rate of ½ teaspoon for each pound of food, once or twice daily. For cats, ¼ teaspoon should suffice, once or twice daily. For problems very close to the rectum (such as a swollen anal gland irritated by bowel

Virtually any aromatic member of the mint family, such as spearmint, peppermint, catnip, bee balm or rosemary, will bring gentle carminative and antispasmodic relief to the digestive tract. My personal favorite is catnip (Nepeta cataria). In addition to easing the stomach, catnip serves as a mild sedative to help calm the nerves and promote restful sleep. Due to a constituent in catnip called nepeta lactone, cats may experience euphoria when they sniff the plant. However, the effect of the herb when ingested is relaxing in a different way — calming to the stomach and relaxing to the nerves.

and irritations of the stomach, the tannin components of slippery elm tighten digestive mucosa to reduce inflammation and inhibit the entrance of excess fluids into the intestines. At the same time, the slippery-oily mucilage constituents help lubricate the digestive tract to assist in waste elimination. In cases of constipation, slippery elm soothes, protects and lubricates mucous membranes, assisting and relaxing smooth muscles that have been working extra hard to eliminate waste.

Mints contain an assortment of volatile oil constituents that help relieve pain and pressure in the intestinal tract, and are very useful in animals that manifest their anxieties in the gut, such as the cat or dog that promptly hides and vomits when excitement levels get too high. Simply add ½ teaspoon of dried peppermint leaves (bulk tea) per pound of food or add mint to the water dish — just enough to lightly tint the water. Glycerin tinctures are effective too, especially when squirted directly into the mouth immediately after eating. Follow the manufacturer’s dose recommendations.

5. Slippery elm (Ulmus fulva)

My go-to remedy for diarrhea in dogs and cats, slippery elm bark contains a unique assortment of tannin and mucilage constituents for correcting a broad range of digestive ailments in animals. For diarrhea, enteritis, colitis Animal Wellness

Dogs in the workplace 5 THE TOP BENEFITS

By Gerry Ellen

Bringing your dog to work isn’t just good for his socialization skills — it’s also beneficial to you and your co-workers, and can reduce stress, boost morale, and much more.

hen you’re at work, doing your job and collaborating with your coworkers, has it ever occurred to you that there might be something missing? Something that would ease tension and stress, add fun and support to the work environment, and even increase productivity and morale? How about dogs? From corporate boardrooms to small community businesses, many companies are placing more emphasis on job satisfaction, and including dogs in the workplace is proving to be one very successful way to accomplish this.

5 main benefits of bringing dogs to work Happy, friendly, well-behaved dogs can enhance the well-being of everyone in a work environment, in several ways. They can: 1. Reduce stress — Dogs ease our mindsets and help us manage stress. Studies have shown that reducing anxiety in people on the job can lower their blood pressure and raise their levels of the goodfeeling hormone, oxytocin. Many workers who toil away hour after hour can ease their stress simply by talking to a dog. Dogs don’t judge and they always listen! 2. Boost productivity — When a dog’s energy is present in the work environment, the ability to receive inspiration and work

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SERVICE AND THERAPY DOGS IN THE WORKPLACE Service and therapy dogs are allowed in any location at any time. An employee must bring along the dog’s certificate of service/therapy in order for the dog to accompany him or her to work. I had my own Jack Russell/rat terrier mix certified as a service dog because I had disabilities that created anxiety and other problems in the workplace. His presence made all the difference, not only for my own well-being, but for the good of the office. He brought positive vibes to the 25 employees who interacted with him on a daily basis. To this day I still receive messages from my old advertising agency about how much my dog meant to everyone’s productivity.

smarter somehow becomes more apparent. Creativity flows, difficult projects feel a little more approachable, and the dog’s relaxed and happy nature helps workers rid themselves of worry and get motivated. 3. Offer joy to break time — Everyone needs to step back from their work now and then. Whether it’s lunch break or 15 minutes of relief from thinking too much, having a dog around enhances this down time by offering joy and play. This on its own relieves stress and wonderfully distracts people from tasks that are perplexing or overwhelming them. Once break time is over, your heart feels lighter and your oxytocin levels are higher. 4. Raise morale — Poor workplace morale is one of the biggest contributors to low productivity and employee absenteeism. When dogs share a work environment with us, people feel happier and more relaxed, and are therefore more apt to get along better, and to look forward more to coming to work. 5. Enhance worker wellness — Spiritual, physical, emotional and mental wellness all get a boost from having dogs in the work environment. Their unconditional love and sociability, along with their ability to transform the atmosphere (both inside and out) helps reduce depression and anxiety, and that enhances overall health and well-being.

ALLOW YOUR DOG — AND CO-WORKERS — TIME TO ADJUST Dogs in the workplace need a “grace” period to adjust, because in essence, they are “new employees”. If everyone in your company is on board with welcoming a dog — or several dogs — at the workplace, it will take some getting used to for everyone, including the dog/s. Distractions will occur, potty break schedules need to be organized, and if you’re working outside the usual 9 to 5 timespan, you need to factor in mealtimes. And don’t forget treats! If your dog is sensitive to any foods, you’ll need to set boundaries on what kinds of treats — and how many — he should be given by wellintentioned employees.

It’s also good for dogs! Dogs are incredibly social animals. They need both physical and mental stimulation to thrive and be healthy in their own right. As your responsibility towards your job pulls you away from home, your dog gets left alone for hours at a time,

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“CAN MY DOG COME TO WORK WITH ME?” The first step is to consult with your employer to determine if dogs are even allowed in your workplace. Depending on where you work, it may not even be possible. Most restaurants and grocery stores, for example, won’t allow dogs, and many factory settings would be too noisy or even unsafe for a canine companion. Building code requirements may also be a barrier. If the work environment is conducive to dogs, however, and your employer is on board, you next need to determine if your dog is going to be a good fit for “joining the staff”. You need to consider a number of factors, including his breed, age, health, behavior, and how well he gets along with people — and other dogs. Here are some things to take into account prior to letting your canine companion join you at work: What is his breed and size? If your employer has codes regarding dogs in the workplace, it could be that they will only allow smaller dogs. The same applies to building management regulations. Is he trained, well-behaved and properly socialized? Your dog should be well-trained (including house-trained!) and able to obey your requests despite distractions. He will need to be able to get on well with other people — and other dogs, if you have co-workers who also bring their dogs to work. A dog that’s anxious, aggressive, jumps up on people (if he’s large), barks incessantly, or threatens other dogs is not a good fit. Do your co-workers like dogs? It’s a fact that not everyone likes dogs. Some people are even afraid of them, while others may be allergic. You have to take the comfort and well-being of your co-workers into consideration before bringing your dog to work with you. Is your dog still a puppy? A puppy in the workplace is a whole different animal, so to speak. You certainly don’t want to leave your little one at home in a crate all day, but an active puppy who is not yet completely trained might disrupt the working environment. Keep in mind that puppies need lots of attention, training, and frequent potty breaks. It might be preferable to leave your pup at home with someone who can give him the attention he needs, until he’s mature enough to meld into your workplace environment. Is he a senior? If your dog is older, think about how comfortable he may or may not be in your work environment. A lot of stairs might be an issue for an older arthritic dog, while vision problems can make it more difficult for him to navigate around unfamiliar settings. Is he healthy? It should go without saying that any dog with an infectious disease should be kept away from other dogs until he is no longer contagious. If your dog has other health issues, again consider his level of comfort in your work environment.

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leading to stress and separation anxiety, as well as boredom, depression and destructive behavior. By taking your dog to work with you, however, all that angst is eliminated, plus you don’t have to worry about what’s going on with him while you’re not home.

REDUCING ANXIETY IN PEOPLE ON THE JOB CAN LOWER THEIR BLOOD PRESSURE AND RAISE THEIR LEVELS OF THE GOODFEELING HORMONE, OXYTOCIN.

As someone who took her dog to work for over a year in an advertising agency setting, I can assure you that having him near me with his bed and favorite toy was the ultimate ticket to my job productivity. We took several walking breaks when my mind was on overload; spent our lunchtimes outside in soft grassy play areas; and made new friends in the adjacent offices and building complexes. Having my dog at work not only boosted morale for my immediate officemates, but allowed those in neighboring buildings to reap the benefits of seeing and petting a happy dog during their own breaks. Before bringing your own dog to work, you first need to determine if your employer is on board, and if your dog is going to be a good fit (see sidebar at left). Once all the technicalities are ironed out, you can load your best friend into the car each morning knowing that a good day lies ahead for both of you!

BUSINESS PROFILE

HOW

PURELUXE

IS LEADING THE WAY TO A MORE TRANSPARENT PET FOOD INDUSTRY

Do you know what’s in your pet’s food? Elements like synthetic chemicals, heavy metals, and artificial preservatives exist within our food chain. Luckily, these contaminants are all required by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) to be under a certain level in pet foods. But toxins cannot be completely removed, so knowing what’s in your pets’ food is one way of minimizing their exposure. The good news is, this transparency trend is on the rise in the pet industry. The bad news? Not all companies are jumping on board. Enter Jeremiah Davis, the industry expert behind a new movement that’s taking transparency to the next level. Despite how far the industry has come, many pet food brands still don’t include key nutritional information on their ingredient labels. This prompted Jeremiah, along with his business partner, Patrick Mendicki, to create PURELUXE — a pet food company focused on providing pure nutrition, luxurious results and perfect transparency. Since their official launch in 2018, PURELUXE’s mission has been to open consumers’ eyes to the importance of clean, trustworthy ingredients. As a forerunner in the evolution of pet food transparency, Jeremiah advocates for more consumer education and accountability from pet food companies.

“Our customers deserve to have the same information we have behind-thescenes, so they know our food is actually what we say it is,” says Jeremiah. “What animals eat plays a large role in their quality of life and longevity, so there should be no unknowns.” After more than 20 years in the pet food industry, Jeremiah noticed a gap between what is marketed to pet parents and what is in the bags. This inspired him to be a disrupter and push other food brands to bare all. Today, PURELUXE is setting the bar high as far as transparency is concerned, and striving to hold other brands accountable to the same standard. PURELUXE’s ingredient selection process and transparency procedure makes them stand out in an ever-growing market. They strive to exceed AAFCO standards, and the manufacturer confirms that there are no ﬁllers, sugars, by-products, or chemical preservatives in any of their

bags. All ingredients are sourced from the United States, New Zealand and European countries and are carefully selected to positively boost the digestive health of pets. If consumers type their unique product code into the company’s website, they can see the full analytical data of the specific batch they are giving their pets. Jeremiah’s personal prerogative is to inspire a healthier, safer industry in which transparency is a rule, not the exception. “It would be great to see more companies become more transparent with their consumers and provide them with details about their brand that is relevant to them and their pets,” he says. This push for transparency is pivotal to the future of PURELUXE, and the pet food industry as a whole. “It’s simple,” Jeremiah adds. “Transparency and pure nutrition is what is needed to ensure that pets are fed the best foods so they can live healthier lives.” www.pureluxepetfood.com

WHY TRANSPARENCY IS SO IMPORTANT There was a time when most animal parents never looked at the ingredients on kibble bags, and were happy to buy whatever brand was on sale at the grocery store. But times have changed, and consumers now seek the same qualities in pet foods as they do in their own — e.g. natural, non-GMO ingredients and sustainability. This trend is putting pressure on companies to disclose information about their food and production processes in order to earn consumer trust. While not every company has embraced this positive movement, those who have are producing safer, higher quality products as a result.

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KITTY LIFESTYLE

Pick a litter for your kitty!

There’s a veritable smorgasbord of cat litter products on the market these days. Choosing the right one for you and your feline friend means understanding the pros and cons of each.

By Sandra Murphy

Cats have a reputation for being picky about their litter. In fact, litter box problems account for 50% of all feline behavior complaints, and are the number one reason cats are rehomed or taken to shelters. Additionally, some litters are better than others when it comes to quality, materials and convenience. Understanding something about the many different types of litter available today, along with their pros and cons, will help you narrow down your choice to something both you and your car will like.

CLAY LITTER Clay litters have been around the longest, and are a favorite for many people because of their clumping abilities — they absorb their own

weight in liquid, making cleanup easy. But traditional clay litters are also dusty, track easily, and don’t absorb odors very well. In fact, for a while, all clay litters were frowned upon for the health risks caused by the dust they produce, which can cause or aggravate respiratory problems in cats and their people. Additionally, most clay litters are not biodegradable. Low quality clay litters should still be avoided, but other products have improved significantly, thanks to manufacturers such as Arm & Hammer (armandhammer.com/cat-litter) who have

worked to create clumping clay litters that minimize dust and odor.

BIODEGRADABLE LITTERS Made from non-food grade wheat or corn, lumber waste, grass seed, or recycled newspaper, these cat litter choices are bio-degradable, sustainable, and do a fairly good job at absorbing odors. Because these litter types are less common than clay, they’re not as likely to be found at grocery or big box stores. Look to pet supply stores or online shopping for these litters. Biodegradable litters can come in several grades, from fluffy to coarse. A medium grade texture makes digging easier, raises less dust, and won’t leave a telltale trail on the floor as your cat exits the box. Continued on page 28.

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FINDING A LITTER THAT’S

RIGHT FOR YOUR KITTY

Hitting upon a litter that your cat is going to like will take some trial and error. Start by picking a litter material from the list in this article, and buy the smallest bag available to experiment with. Place a small amount of the new litter in a second litter box near his existing bathroom so your cat can test its smell and texture. Alternatively, you can mix a small amount of the new product into his existing litter. Watch his reaction. If he seems happy with it, add a bit more of the new litter every day until you have made the transition. Take it slowly (cats don’t like sudden changes!) and if your kitty shows any signs of aversion to the new litter, start the process over again by trying out another new litter.

EXTRA

LITTER TIPS

• Depending on their granule size and texture, not all litters are recommended for use in automatic litter boxes. If you already have one of these devices, be sure to find out if the litter you’re buying will work with it. • Litter scoops have different-sized openings; it’s important to match your new litter with the right scoop for stress-free cleanup. Clumping litters work well with scoops that have larger openings, while non-clumping litters might require a scoop with smaller openings to avoid spillage and mess. Experiment to find out which scoop makes cleanup the easiest for you. • Avoid litters that contain artificial fragrances. These scents can be harmful to sensitive cats and people.

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Continued from page 26. Here’s a look at some biodegradable litter choices: Coconut – All-natural, biodegradable and dust-free, these litters are made from the normally-discarded outer parts of coconuts. They’re absorbent, dust-free and hyperallergenic. Coconut litters can be either clumping or non-clumping and do a good job at absorbing odor. Two companies that offer coconut litter are Cocokitty (cocokitty.com) and Catspot (catspotlitter.com).

Wheat – A popular choice for many, wheat litters neutralize odors naturally and clump for easy cleanup and disposal.

Corn – Another sustainable choice, corn litters don’t turn to mush at the bottom of the box the way some other materials do. Just be mindful that 92% of corn grown in the US is genetically modified, so look for non-GMO brands. Litter made from corn cobs doesn’t clump well; kernel corn litter clumps better but may also attract bugs.

Pine – Sustainable and eco-friendly, pine litter is made from discarded lumber processing waste and comes in pellet or shaved form. It’s a good alternative for cats with allergies to wheat or corn. With its high absorbency, pine litter traps urine into a flat pancake and dehydrates solid waste for easier cleanup.

Grass seed – Good for single or multi-cat households, this litter clumps hard and fast, trapping odors before they can be released.

Silica – Often the best choice for automatic litter boxes, silica litters are another biodegradable option for your cat. They’re made by transforming silica sand into crystals, pearls or half-pearl shapes with pores that absorb up to 40 times their weight in moisture, discouraging the growth of mold and bacteria and eliminating odor. Silica litters are dust-free and don’t track from the box to your rugs or furniture. Because wetness is completely absorbed, there’s no need for plastic litter box liners. Silica litters should not be used with kittens or cats with pica (a condition in which the animal eats non-food items), since ingesting the crystals can cause illness. Paper – These litters are made from recycled newspapers, magazines and other paper waste. Some companies only use paper sources that use organic or soy-based inks. Processing also neutralizes the ink so none gets on the cat. The paper is compressed into pellets, is dust-free, nontoxic and very absorbent. The pellets swell when wet for easy monitoring.

With so much to choose from, you’re sure to find a litter that your cat loves. It may take some experimenting (see sidebar at left), but once you’ve discovered the right product, both you and your feline friend will find life a lot easier!

From the NASC Choosing supplements for your dog or cat — 5 important questions to ask By Bill Bookout

Animal supplements can play a key role in keeping your animal healthy and happy — particularly when they’re incorporated into a program that also includes a high quality diet, routine vet checks and competent care. There are two types of supplement products: • Nutritional supplements — vitamins, minerals and other products intended to complement a complete and balanced diet. If your animal’s issue is not related to nutrition, he likely won’t benefit from a nutritional supplement. • Health supplements — products intended to support maintenance of normal biological structure and function, also known as “dosage form health products”. A joint support product is an example of a health supplement. When purchasing a supplement for your dog or cat, inspect product labels for answers to the following questions:

1. Are the product claims too good to be true? here are no magic bullets. If a T company claims — or even implies — their supplement will treat, prevent, mitigate or cure any disease, they are breaking the law and misleading consumers. Outrageous product claims should be an immediate red flag.

2. Does the product have a lot number? ot numbers do not guarantee quality, L but they do demonstrate that the manufacturer likely complies with some quality standards requiring product traceability. Lot numbers are essential to helping manufacturers notify customers in the event of a recall.

3. A re ingredients and amounts clearly listed? You should be able to determine the ingredients in a supplement and how much of each is contained in a dose. Ingredients should be listed in descending order by amount, but be aware that large numbers may be misleading. A large number followed by “ppm”, meaning parts per million, indicates a dilute concentration of the ingredient, and in fact may not be a meaningful amount at all.

4. I s there contact information if I have questions? T he label should list the company supplying the product, and their contact information. When you call, they should have technicians or a veterinarian on staff who can answer your questions about the supplement, and about testing and quality standards. If you can’t get direct answers, consider a different product.

5. Does the supplement have the NASC Quality Seal? T he National Animal Supplement Council provides strict guidelines for product quality assurance, adverse event reporting and labeling standards. To display the NASC Quality Seal on their products, a supplier must pass a comprehensive facility audit every two years, maintain ongoing compliance with rigorous NASC quality standards, and pass random independent product testing to ensure they meet label claims. Price is a final consideration. Cheap products are typically cheap for a reason. Quality ingredients and responsible manufacturing cost money. Determine a price range that fits your budget and buy the best quality supplement you can get for that amount.

USE ANIMAL SUPPLEMENTS ONLY Don’t give your animal a supplement formulated for humans. Dogs and cats metabolize differently than we do and should be given supplements from a company that formulates their products specifically for animals. Talk to your veterinarian about supplements that are right for your animal, and select a product formulated for his species. Bill Bookout is president and founder of the National Animal Supplement Council. He has more than 30 years’ experience in the animal health industry and holds a bachelor’s degree in physical sciences from the University of Wyoming, and a master’s degree from the Pepperdine University Presidents and Key Executives MBA program. Animal Wellness

DIAGNOSTICS

Diagnosing your animal’s

DIGESTIVE PROBLEMS By Shawn Messonnier, DVM

Gastrointestinal problems are common in dogs and cats, and can be challenging to diagnose. These tests narrow down the causes and make effective treatment possible.

D gs Cats

Gastrointestinal disorders are among the most commonly-seen problems in dogs and cats. Symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting and weight loss have many causes, and getting to the root of the issue can be difficult without the right diagnostics. The tests outlined in this article can help determine what’s up with your animal’s digestive system, thereby ensuring the correct treatment and a successful recovery.

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COMMONLY-USED TESTS FOR GI DISEASE 1. Microscopic fecal examinationfecal float/smear The simplest, least expensive, and most commonlyperformed test is a microscopic examination of your animal’s

feces (stool). This test looks for the eggs of some, but not all, common parasites. Dogs and cats that test positive on this test are typically treated with some sort of deworming. I believe you should always bring a fresh fecal sample (less than 48 hours old) to every veterinary visit as this test reveals so much about your animal’s health. 2. Fecal culture and PCR testing A fecal culture is not commonly needed, but it’s important in cases of chronicity and when other tests may not show a positive answer. It involves placing small amounts of feces on special culture plates. Any bacterial growth is then tested to determine which bacteria are present. Because feces normally contain large numbers of many bacterial species, I tend to only run a culture if I’m worried about a rare infection of pathogenic bacterial species. A sensitivity test of the pathogenic bacteria can be run to determine if antibiotic therapy might be needed. The main bacteria I screen for in a culture, gram stain, or PCR test are Clostridium perfringens, C. difficile, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. 3. Giardia antigen Giardia is a common cause of diarrhea (and may even be present in normal animals without diarrhea). This protozoal infection is easily transmitted between companion animals and their human families. The test can be performed in most veterinary hospitals using small samples of the dog or cat’s feces. A positive test usually requires treatment with antiprotozoal medication.* 4. Fecal gram stain While some doctors see little value in staining a fecal sample for microscopic

examination, I find this test extremely helpful in determining if certain bacteria (especially Clostridium spp.) are present. The test is easy to perform and inexpensive.

5. CBC, UA, blood profile An important part of the diagnostic plan for animals with any illness is blood testing. While the blood tests are usually normal, abnormalities may arise that can indicate coexisting illnesses. They can also give the doctor a clue about the severity of an animalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s gastrointestinal illness. Problems that can occur as a result of GI disease include alterations in blood protein levels, of either albumin or globulin, or both. When albumin levels are low in an animal with GI disease, it usually indicates a severe problem that must be addressed. Changes in blood protein levels are rarely associated with too much or too little protein in the diet. A urinalysis may also indicate underlying problems associated with the GI problem or general health of the dog or cat, especially in those that have increased levels of urine protein or bilirubin. 6. Pancreatic tests Because GI disease may be caused by pancreatitis (pancreatic inflammation), specific tests that look at pancreatic function may be helpful. Amylase and lipase testing are inexpensive to run and included on many standard blood profiles. However, they are not perfect and can give false positive and false negative results, so they must be interpreted carefully.

The pancreatic lipase test (PLI) is a newer option. It measures the lipase enzyme that arises from the pancreas and is not as easily influenced by other factors. It can be used to test for both pancreatic enzyme insufficiency as well as pancreatitis; in fact, it is used by many doctors as the test of choice for pancreatitis. It is helpful to run this test in any dog or cat with vomiting or diarrhea, or even those with vague signs that may indicate GI disease, such as lethargy and lack of appetite.

The pancreatic lipase test (PLI) is a newer option; it measures the lipase enzyme that arises from the pancreas.

7. TLI/cobalamin/folate These specific GI tests are great for checking for the B-vitamin deficiency that can occur from GI disease. They can also indicate bacterial overgrowth (often coinciding with severe acute or chronic GI disease). TLI (trypsin-like immunoreactivity), tests for proper functioning of the exocrine pancreas (the part of the pancreas that makes and secretes the various enzymes necessary for proper digestion and nutrient absorption). Low values indicate a disease called exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Animals with EPI typically lose weight and have chronic diarrhea; German shepherd dogs are more commonly afflicted with this condition than other breeds. Increased values often indicate pancreatitis or malnourishment; kidney failure may result in slightly increased values. Continued on page 32. Animal Wellness

Continued from page 31. Cobalamin (vitamin B12) and folate (vitamin B9) testing reveal information about small intestinal function. Serum folate concentration can be decreased in proximal small intestinal disorders as it requires a healthy GI tract for absorption, while serum cobalamin concentration can be decreased in distal small intestinal disorders and

COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS CAN CAUSE DIARRHEA Diarrhea in dogs and cats has numerous causes. Most acute cases are idiopathic, which means we don’t know the cause. Dietary indiscretion is a common cause. Parasites are more common in younger animals and include roundworms, hookworms, coccidia, giardia and whipworms (although the latter are usually found in older animals). Tapeworms commonly occur in dogs and cats as a result of flea infestation but rarely cause diarrhea except in smaller animals. Bacteria are rarely implicated in acute gastroenteritis, but bacterial gastroenteritis can be severe with certain bacteria such as Salmonella. Often, an overgrowth of “normal” residential bacteria in the gut (especially Clostridium spp.) can result in diarrhea. Bacterial overgrowth can result from damage to the gastrointestinal tract caused by the use of antibiotics, corticosteroids, antacids and NSAIDs.

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EPI. In dogs and cats with diffuse small intestinal disorders, both serum folate and cobalamin concentrations can be decreased. Finally, a decreased serum cobalamin concentration and an increased serum folate concentration can be seen in dogs with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). An overgrowth of bacteria makes folic acid, causing increased levels of folate, while intestinal disease and EPI result in decreased cobalamin absorption. Cobalamin deficiency in humans has been shown to cause systemic disease, and this may also be true in our animals. Since cats and dogs with cobalamin deficiency often do not respond to treatment of the underlying gastrointestinal disorder unless cobalamin is supplemented, this testing is important in animals with severe or chronic GI disease.

8. Radiography/ultrasonography Radiography and ultrasonography don’t usually give a diagnosis per se, but are helpful in giving an overall impression of the animal’s health. Occasionally, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be suspected based on an abdominal ultrasound, and certainly obstruction with foreign objects may be identified on radiographs or ultrasound examinations. I occasionally find other more serious problems with radiography and ultrasonography, including bladder stones and tumors of the liver and spleen. These “accidental” findings are often lifesaving, especially when tumors are involved, since early treatment can often cure the animal of

a disease that would normally not be diagnosed until it’s more advanced. 9. Endoscopic biopsy CT and MRI scans are rarely needed to diagnose the cause of GI diseases, but endoscopic biopsies are often done to allow proper diagnosis. Endoscopic biopsy requires your dog or cat to be anesthetised, similar to when you have a colonoscopy. The doctor will examine the upper or lower GI tract, depending on where he feels the disease may be present. After visually examining the GI tract with the endoscope, small pinch biopsies are taken and examined by a pathologist under the microscope. This test is really the only good way to diagnose IBD, and to determine what organisms or cell types are causing the disease, allowing treatment to be fine-tuned for the animal. While endoscopic biopsy allows us to diagnose many diseases previously only diagnosed with surgical biopsy, there are rare instances when the disease lies deeper in the tissues of the GI tract. Because endoscopic biopsy only checks the superficial layers, disease is sometimes missed with this test. In these cases, a surgical biopsy might be needed. If your dog or cat is having digestive troubles, especially if they’re chronic, the tests outlined this article can help uncover the cause and get him on the road to recovery as soon as possible. *While I’ve indicated various conventional drug treatments for some of the diseases these tests reveal, holistic doctors will also include natural therapies to help heal a damaged GI tract, including various herbs and homeopathics, enzymes, fatty acids and probiotics, plus detoxification with fluids, vitamins, herbs and homeopathics.

Animal Wellness

VET Q&A

Can oregano oil be used for dogs? By Ann Brightman with Jodie Gruenstern, DVM, CVA

With powerful healing qualities that range from antibacterial to immune-supportive, oregano oil — when used properly — has a variety of applications for your canine companion.

Many people turn to oregano oil to help with a range of ailments, from colds and flu to intestinal parasites. It’s also used topically as an insect repellent or for acne, warts and many other skin problems. Used judiciously, oregano oil can also be beneficial to canine health, but it’s important to understand the forms of this oil, what they can do, and how they should be utilized and administered when it comes to your dog. In this article, we talk with integrative veterinarian Dr. Jodie Gruenstern for her expertise and advice on oregano oil for dogs.

When people talk about oregano oil, they sometimes use two terms — “oil of oregano” or “oregano essential oil”. Are they one and the same or are there differences between them?

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Oil of oregano refers to oregano essential oil that has been diluted in a fatty carrier oil, such as olive, grapeseed, sunflower or coconut oil. Diluting the essential oil can make it safer for ingestion, although oregano essential oil is sometimes used “neat” for topical purposes. Either form can be considered medicinal if the plants are grown and harvested properly, and the oil is distilled correctly.

Q. A.

How are these oils made?

Oregano essential oil should be steam-distilled from the herb’s leaves and flowers. While chemical solvent extraction may pull more essential oil out of the plant, it can leave unwanted chemical residues in the final product. The oil

is then diluted to create oil of oregano. Additionally, some traditional herbalists will blend the plant’s herbal parts into a fatty carrier oil and call the infusion oil of oregano.

Q. A.

How is oregano oil used with dogs?

Oregano oil has healthsupporting properties; it’s antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and immune-supportive. Oregano oil is used in dogs both topically (“neat” — essential oil) and internally (diluted — oil of oregano). It is a very “hot” oil and can chemically burn tissue; because of this, it can be used topically to remove warty tissues. It can also irritate mucosal

Remember that one drop goes a long way! linings, yet oregano leaves are used in cooking all the time; indeed, there are oregano pet treats on the market that dogs have consumed for years with no detrimental effects. In fact, oregano supports good digestion and serves as a natural preservative in products. Veterinarians sometimes apply oregano oil in combination with other oils, and with carrier oil dilution, to the external ear canal for a variety of purposes. Additionally, oregano essential oil can be diffused to support respiratory health. Cold ultrasonic diffusion is preferred.

Can you provide some tips on finding a quality product?

Know the manufacturer, and ask the following questions:

How long have they been in business? Do they have experience using the product on their own animals or patients? Are they involved in consumer education — or are they just middlemen? Does the company have expertise on herbs or oils in general, and their use in animals? Do they grow/produce their own ingredients, or are they at least able to visit their product sources? Does the manufacturer do gas chromatography analysis of the chemical constituents in their products, or any other quality control analysis? For example, oregano oil should be shown to contain 60% to 75% carvacrol (the active compound in oregano).

Have any studies been done and posted/published about the specific brand? Are there any non-manufacturer site testimonials about the brand’s safety and efficacy?

What are some cautions and contraindications for using oregano oil in dogs?

If oregano essential oil is to be used “neat” on your dog’s skin, prevent him from ingesting it. If it’s to be used internally, dilute it in a fatty carrier oil or in food, and remember that one drop goes a long way! Do not use essential oils “neat” inside the ear canal, and be very cautious even with dilution. The resonant frequency of an essential oil may cause pain if it comes in contact with the vibrational frequency of the tympanum (eardrum). If an essential oil inflames a tissue (the signs are redness, itching or a burning sensation), quickly dilute it by applying a fatty carrier oil to the affected area. When diffusing oregano oil, always allow your dog to leave the room if he wants to!

Q. A.

How should oregano oil be administered and dosed?

Dogs can consume oregano essential oil diluted in a capsule and in foods. It can also be applied topically. The general dilution guideline is one part oregano essential

oil to four parts fatty carrier oil, to make what’s termed oil of oregano. For direct application, one drop to an affected area may be enough; even a toothpick tip repeatedly applied to a warty protuberance can be very effective and avoid damage to surrounding tissue. Just keep in mind that one drop of oregano essential oil is so strong it can ruin a pot of spaghetti sauce! So remember — in supporting canine health, as in cooking, less is more!

What are the advantages of oregano oil over conventional antibiotics — i.e. is it true that bacteria don’t become resistant to it?

Yes it is. Antibiotic-resistant pathogens and even their biofilms have been destroyed by oregano oil. These biofilms contribute to the development of the worst infections in both humans and animals, and conventional antibiotics have no impact on them. As always, it’s a good idea to consult with an integrative or holistic veterinarian before using any essential oil, diluted or not, with your dog. Oregano oil is among the strongest and most effective oils; learning to use it correctly can benefit your dog in many ways!

Animal Wellness

CANINE BEHAVIOR

Do you understand your dog’s

calming signals?

By Sue Becker, BFRP, BFRAP, CTTP

You're stressed out and your dog seems to be going out of his way to do the opposite of what you want him to do. He may simply be using canine calming signals to help ease your anxiety.

nderstanding and communicating with your dog involves learning something about his body language. Calming signals are one example of that body language, and are used by your dog when he senses you’re feeling stressed and wants to ease the situation. If you don’t understand what calming signals are, it might look as if your dog is doing the very opposite of what you want him to do. But once you know what he’s really doing, you’ll realize that he’s only trying to help!

A common scenario Here’s an example of calming signals in action. You’ve slept in and are running late. You’ve let your dog into the backyard to relieve himself and now you really need him to come in so you can get ready for work. Opening the back door, you call him urgently. But what does he do? He turns, glances at you, then looks over at the fence. You call him more loudly and he responds by yawning and sitting down. What’s wrong with him? you think. Can’t he tell I need him to come in right now? The stress is really showing as you raise your voice. Your dog turns away. Is he being uncooperative, lazy, dominant or just plain uncaring? Impatiently, you go outside in your slippers and bathrobe to herd him into the house. Now you’re both stressed and unhappy.

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Your dog enters the house very confused. From his point of view, he’s done everything he possibly can to calm you down. He recognized your anxiety and used many signals to show you he’s not a threat. He’s done his very best to try to alleviate your stress. He’s not aware your anxiety is caused by the fact you slept in and has nothing to do with him. He’s merely trying to calm down a potentially explosive situation the best way he knows how. These kinds of interactions are at the very root of many canine-human misunderstandings. If these misunderstandings continue, they can eventually lead to fear and unwanted behaviors in a dog.

Black dogs use a lot of lip-licking as a calming signal. They may sense that the sight of their tongues against their dark hair makes quite an obvious sign, probably because they’ve had many successes with this particular signal in the past. Many breeds have tremendous difficulty giving natural signals because of the changes made to their bodies through selective breeding. For example, tails that don’t move freely, ears that are long and difficult to maneuver, and deeps folds of skin on the face definitely make signals more challenging. Docked ears and tails also affect a dog’s ability to use some calming signals.

Tammy Gould Photography

THERE ARE ABOUT CALMING SIGNALS IN ALL.

CALMING SIGNALS MAY VARY BETWEEN BREEDS

Although these two dogs are comfortable with each other, they both used the calming signal of looking away when confronted by the camera.

Calming signals serve an important purpose in animal societies In every animal society, individuals incorporate calming signals into their interactions with one other. Well-adjusted dogs and other animals know that misunderstandings may lead to fights in which they could sustain physical damage. They have an innate understanding that these issues are to be avoided whenever possible, since fights can be fatal. When dogs meet, they try their best to reassure each other that they are not a threat, thereby de-escalating any anxiety between them. This is done via calming signals. Continued on page 38. Animal Wellness

Cynoclub — Fotolia.com

COMMON CALMING SIGNALS INCLUDE LICKING THE LIPS AND/OR NOSE, SITTING OR LYING DOWN, SUDDENLY SNIFFING THE GROUND, YAWNING, BLINKING AND SOFTENING THE EYES, FREEZING, GIVING PLAY BOWS, AND MOVING MORE SLOWLY.

The dog on the left gives calming signals by lying down and licking his lips.

Continued from page 37.

Recognizing and understanding calming signals Dog trainer Turid Rugaas of Norway has spent decades studying and recording the calming signals dogs use with each other, and with us. She’s even written a book on the topic called On Talking Terms with Dogs: Calming Signals. There are about 30 calming signals in all. Some are very quick, which means we humans can miss them. There are “big” signals and “little” signals: • An example of a little signal would be a dog averting his eyes. Many humans interpret this as a sign the dog is being shifty or feeling guilty. But he is actually trying to calm someone down. It may be you he’s trying to calm, or himself, if you’ve brought stress home with you from a rough day at the office. • A bigger signal would be a dog turning his head away. An even bigger one would be to turn his entire body.

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When two dogs meet, they don’t do it head-on because that’s threatening and confrontational. Instead, they’ll approach each other in a semi-circle, sometimes at an angle, or even perpendicular to one other. This is a polite and respectful way of meeting. • Other common calming signals include licking the lips and/or nose, sitting or lying down, suddenly sniffing the ground, yawning, blinking and softening the eyes, freezing, giving play bows, and moving more slowly.

We can talk “dog” too We would do both our dogs and ourselves a huge favor by becoming familiar with canine calming signals. In fact, it would increase our mutual understanding exponentially. By praising a dog when he uses a signal, you reinforce that behavior and he becomes more adept at resolving potential conflicts with other dogs. Poorly socialized and stressed dogs usually don’t use calming signals well and their lives (as well as their

families’ lives) are more challenging because of it. By taking a wellsocialized neutral dog along on your walks, the stressed dog can learn appropriate calming signal behavior. If you’re not able to do this, you can help your dog learn by turning his head or body away from others, or from situations which may feel threatening to him, or by asking him to sit or lie down. You can even use some of the bigger signals yourself, such as turning your head or body, or yawning when he’s watching you. By learning to understanding your dog’s calming signal language, you will gain great insight into his feelings and emotions not only during times of stress, but also in his everyday life. It will clear up misunderstandings on your part as well as confusion for your dog. Ultimately, you’ll build more trust between you, deepening your relationship and communication.

Animal Wellness

Fall

Fresh and nutritious

Fresh food is the best food! Petcurean’s NOW FRESH™ wet recipes are perfect served as a treat, topper, or complete and balanced meal. Featuring innovative textures, novel ingredients, and recipes for small dogs, they’re non-GMO and made with 100% fresh meat and Omega oils. Bone broth adds a rich meaty flavor pets love.

FAVORITES

petcurean.com

Get his teeth into this!

Level up your dog’s diet this autumn! Heed Food’s all-natural dry dog food is infused with a unique blend of pre- and probiotics for a healthy digestive experience. The company uses freshly-sourced animal protein (vs. plants, which lack essential amino acids), and includes humangrade freeze-dried fruit, vegetables and protein toppers for extra taste.

Good oral health is important all year round. Vet Worthy’s Chewable Toothpaste for Dogs helps support canine dental and gum health, thanks to key ingredients like zeolites and propolis. Zeolites are antioxidant minerals that help reduce plaque formation, while propolis is antibacterial, antiviral, purifying, and especially effective against bad breath.

heedfoods.com

vetworthy.com

Dry food with a difference

Looking good!

Is your dog or cat’s winter coat starting to grow in? Keep him looking his best with the LUMO Ridgeback Grooming Tool. This durable, uniquely-designed product offers an innovative patented cleaning technology, and is the first grooming tool of its kind to simultaneously de-tangle and de-shed, cutting groom time in half. lumo.com

Try these treats

Dogs crave variety in their diets as much as we do. The Jones Select line of limited-ingredient all-natural dog treats from Jones Natural Chews offers exotic and organic protein options, unique nutritional blends, training treats and single-ingredient chicken and turkey meat slices, all made in the US. jonesnaturalchews.com/jones-select-healthy-options-dog-treats/

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Learn pet first aid

Many people regard the fall as a good time to learn something new. How about a certification in Pet First Aid with Walks ‘N’ Wags? Pioneers in animal first aid since 1993, they offer in-person courses across Canada, as well as in Seattle and Colorado — or you can earn your certification online. Either way, you’ll receive fun, hands-on training! walksnwags.com

Is he taking his vitamins?

Even outdoor cats spend more time inside when it gets colder, which means you need a good litter box. Older arthritic cats (and kittens!) can find it challenging to step into high-sided litter boxes. The Kitty Go Here Senior Cat Litter Box solves the problem with an entrance that’s just 3” high, so felines with mobility issues can comfortably get in and out.

As the weather turns colder, you want to make sure your dog stays healthy. BioVITES from BiologicVET is a holistic nutritional supplement that provides a full spectrum of vitamins, minerals, enzymes, prebiotics, lignans, protein, amino acids and antioxidants. When used regularly, this product helps with his digestion, immune function and overall wellness .

kittygohere.com

biologicvet.ca

Looking for a new litter box?

A fresh start to health

The healing power of turmeric

Turmeric is a powerful medicine and supplement that can benefit your dog or cat in any season. Healers Pet Care’s turmeric comes from their partner farm in the rich rainforest of Costa Rica. Curcumin levels have tested to be two times the average of other blends, and literally saved the life of a dog named Hunter who was bitten by a snake.

Make a fresh start this fall with Happy Go Healthy, a grain-free joint and skin support supplement for your dog. It features a blend of Icelandic marine algae for healthy bones and joints; DHA and EPA from fish oil for his skin, coat, joint and brain health; and prebiotic fiber to help keep his digestive and immune systems in good condition. happygohealthypets.com

healerspetcare.com Discount code: Paste20

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HEALING INSIDE & OUT

Microbiome Restorative Therapy in companion animals

D gs Cats

By Holly Ganz, PhD

The microbiome is a community of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses and other microbes) that occupy a well-defined habitat, such as in or on a dog or cat’s body. Research on the gut microbiome suggests it plays essential roles in immunity, the central nervous system, behavior (including anxiety and depression), skin health, as well as obesity and other metabolic disorders — and, of course, digestion. Microbiome Restorative Therapy (MBRT) is showing a lot of promise in treating digestive and other problems in dogs and cats.

MISSING MICROBES Mammals are exposed to their first microbes during birth and through breastfeeding. These early life events contribute to each animal having a unique gut microbiome signature. The microbes that are first to arrive in a

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particular habitat can affect which new species will be able to colonize later on. In other words, these early life events are foundational and will influence a cat or dog’s health for the rest of his life. A young animal may fail to get the full complement of beneficial microbes if the mother is missing them herself, or if the puppy or kitten is orphaned or weaned too early. Even if a healthy microbiome is established early in life, microbes in the gut will change with age, diet and

lifestyle. The gut microbiome may also be depleted or harmed by exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics that kill both harmful and beneficial microbes. The widespread use of antibiotics and antimicrobials may be contributing to increased incidences of conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), esophageal reflux, Type 1 diabetes, asthma, and food allergies in human populations. Food additives and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have also been shown to alter the composition of the gut microbiome, and may further contribute to the development of chronic digestive conditions in companion animals. The widespread use of antibiotics and other medications may also contribute to why digestive issues are a top reason for veterinary visits in both cats and dogs.

THE GROWTH OF MBRT One approach to rebuilding the gut microbiome is through the use of Microbiome Restorative Therapy (MBRT), a procedure in which fecal material is transferred from a healthy individual to the gastrointestinal tract of an ailing one. Although its use in human medicine has only begun increasing in recent years — particularly in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections that are not responsive to antibiotics, as well as for Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, constipation and enterocolitis — MBRT (also known as transfaunation or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)) has been used in veterinary practice since at least the 18th century for cattle, horses, sheep and other animals suffering from rumination disorders, indigestion and colitis.

Interest in MBRT for small animal practice is growing, particularly for digestive disorders. Despite the work of pioneering integrative veterinarians like Dr. Margo Roman, who has performed over 2,000 MBRT procedures in the past ten years, this therapy is still not widely used in conventional practice; however, a growing number of integrative veterinarians offer MBRT as a way to provide microbial supplementation to patients from a healthy live donor of the same species. One issue restricting the growth of MBRT in practice is the availability of screened fecal material from healthy donors. To create a bank of carefullyscreened fecal material from healthy donors, a variety of factors must be considered. In addition to standard pathogen and parasite screening, donors

FERAL AND WILD CATS HAVE HEALTHIER

MICROBIOMES

In a citizen science project called KittyBiome, microbiome samples were collected from domestic cats living in shelters, households (both indoor and outdoor cats), and outside (feral). Samples from wild felines, including blackfooted cats, cheetahs, lions and leopards, were also collected. Many house cats had depleted microbiomes with low bacterial diversity when compared to adult feral cats and their wild cousins, and 20% suffered from chronic digestive conditions. The research showed that diet played a large role in the composition and diversity of gut bacteria. Cats fed a raw diet tended to have greater bacterial diversity and increased representation of bacteria associated with the production of a short chain fatty acid called butyrate. Butyrate is produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber and is a critical mediator of the inflammatory response in the gut microbiome.

TOP USES FOR MBRT q Chronic diarrhea w Chronic vomiting e Recovery from antibiotic treatment r Constipation t Inappetence and poor body condition y Food sensitivities u Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis i Skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis o Decreased gut motility and difficulty passing hairballs

a Fecal incontinence Animal Wellness

CASE REPORT — MBRT FOR IBD

Laila, an active boxer mix, was the picture of health until she turned five. Over the course of just a few months, she developed severe diarrhea and vomiting. She was given antibiotics, antacids, probiotics and prescription diets, but nothing seemed to alleviate her symptoms and she continued to worsen. After an official IBD diagnosis, she began a high daily dose of prednisone in addition to her other medications. Her diarrhea temporarily resolved, but after lowering the prednisone dosage to minimize side effects, Laila relapsed. She once again developed watery diarrhea, and it was not alleviated even after significantly increasing the prednisone dosage. Instead of resolving her digestive issues, in fact, the prednisone increase prompted an onset of medication-induced Cushing’s disease, turning this once energetic muscular dog into a frail low-energy one. Despite the steroid, her digestive issues persisted. Finally, Laila was tried on oral Gut Restoration capsules for MBRT. Slowly, the consistency of her feces changed from a yellowish liquid to a healthy brown solid, and she has since been tapered off all prescription medications. Most importantly, her health and happiness have improved beyond measure.

must have no current or past health concerns, whether physical or behavioral; and they must have no history of systemic antibiotic use. These “goldenpoo pets” must also be old enough to have developed a sufficiently diverse microbiome, but young enough for that diversity to still be intact.

HOW ARE FECAL TRANSPLANTS DONE? Fecal transplants may be administered in three ways, often depending on the severity of the dog or cat’s ailment: • Rectally, via enema and colonoscopy (typically using fresh or frozen material). This method may be needed in more critical cases. • Orally, via nasoduodenal intubation and enteroscopy (typically using fresh or frozen material). • Orally, via enteric-coated capsules sold only to veterinarians. The capsules contain pre-screened material prepared with all-natural ingredients that remain stable at room temperature while retaining high viability. Enteric coatings are made of long-chain carbohydrates that prevent capsule contents from being destroyed by stomach acid.

WHY MBRT IS EFFECTIVE Scientists haven’t even begun describing many of the common organisms living

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in the microbiomes of healthy dogs and cats. For example, recent research identified more than 20 bacterial strains that are new to science, in a single sample of cat poop. This makes it difficult to develop a supplement that contains the full spectrum of genera found in healthy dogs and cats. Probiotic strains that are not cat- or dog-specific may be helpful for controlling clinical signs of disease, but will not typically colonize the host. This means they must be given continuously in order to see an effect. MBRT, on the other hand, provides a “complete package” because it reflects the abundance of bacteria, fungi and bacteriophages in the relative ratios found in a healthy animal. As time goes on, we’ll no doubt see this therapy being used more in the treatment of a range of issues in dogs and cats. For more information, visit AnimalBiome. com or mashvet.com. See sidebar on page 46.

Animal Wellness

Fermented foods for your pet’s

MICROBIOME From kefir to kombucha, fermented foods help improve your dog or cat’s gut health by balancing the bacteria in his microbiome. By Ann Brightman Fermented foods such as borscht, kombucha and kefir have been making the headlines for a while now as an excellent way to improve the health of the gut microbiome in humans. But not everyone knows these foods can do the same for our dogs and cats. Because gut health can profoundly affect overall well-being, this is an important consideration for those who want ways to improve and maintain the wellness of their animal companions. There’s nothing new about fermentation — it’s a process that dates back thousands of years, when it was used as a way to preserve foods. It wasn’t until the 19th century, thanks to Louis Pasteur, that we began to understand how fermentation actually works and why it’s so beneficial to health. “The process brings about changes in yeast and microorganisms, in the absence of air,” writes Dr. Suzi Beber, Honouris causa (animalwellnessmagazine.com/fermentedfoods-good-dogs/). “The food therefore retains its enzymes, vitamins and minerals, which are usually destroyed by processing. [Fermented foods] support the gastrointestinal tract by improving the absorption of nutrients…. In addition, the probiotics produced by fermentation help replenish healthy bacteria in both the canine and human gastrointestinal tract.” William Hoekman, the Nutrition Science Director at Answers Pet Food (answerspetfood.com), concurs. “Fermented foods are those that have been pre-digested by good bacteria (probiotics),” he says. “You create them by introducing good bacteria and then putting that food in an

Animal Wellness

environment conducive to their growth. Once the fermentation is complete, you have a food that is pre-digested, filled with good bacteria, and an overall win-win for food safety and health.” Fermented foods include the above-mentioned kefir, kombucha and borscht as well as sauerkraut, tempeh, miso, probiotic yogurt and more. You can add fermented foods to your dog or cat’s diet by making your own animal-appropriate recipes at home (see animalwellnessmagazine.com/ fermentedfoods-good-dogs/ for some examples), or by buying a premium pet food that contains some of these foods in their diet formulas. Answers Pet Foods is one company that offers these choices. “We make a full line of raw fermented pet foods,” says William. “It includes dog and cat food, fermented raw dairy, fermented bone broths, and a line of raw cheese bites. “With fermented foods, you get probiotics that are already living and thriving in a food environment before they even get into your pet's gut,” he adds. “The goal in nutrition is to consume foods that inherently contain probiotics, instead of adding probiotics. Fermented foods do that.” Our microbiomes, and those of our dogs and cats, can get out of balance easily these days, thanks to poor quality and/or overly-processed foods, antibiotic use, stress and many other factors. By giving your animal companion fermented foods on a regular basis, you’ll help keep his microbiome healthy and his GI system working the way it should.

Animal Wellness

By Emily Watson

From community outreach initiatives to behavior modification training, this Manhattan-based non-profit has spent the last half-century developing programs to help animals and people in need.

ack in 1967, a group of animal lovers in New York City banded together to form a small rescue organization. At the time, they didn’t foresee that their passion project would develop into one of the largest animal rescues in the state, or that they’d end up helping tens of thousands of dogs and cats. From their small headquarters — a tiny house located in Queens — they began caring for a few homeless felines. They continued at this capacity for over 30 years, slowly implementing changes and gradually growing. Then they decided they wanted to do more.

Animal Haven’s fundraising projects help them provide optimal care to their canine and feline residents, and keep their programs in operation. They also have a special fund, called The Recovery Road Fund, that covers medical costs for special cases.

Animal Wellness

With three decades of experience under their belts, the staff at Animal Haven had an incredible grassroots support system in the NYC community. “In 2004, we were able to raise enough capital to rent a tri-level storefront in NYC's Soho neighborhood,” says Shannon Kirkman, the organization’s director of

marketing. “We outfitted it for our animal rescue needs, including a vet exam room, a large training/play room and a retail store for pet supplies.” Having a central location in the city meant a larger volume of animals in need, which their new space was able to support. More lives were saved, and Animal Haven’s reputation continued to grow.

But for the staff and volunteers at Animal Haven, the work doesn’t end once an animal finds his forever home. They provide post-adoption counseling and support to their adoptive families when needed, and always welcome animals back with open arms if they’re returned due to any number of extenuating circumstances. This was the case with Yoyo, a stray rescued from West Virginia. “When Yoyo first

For the staff and volunteers at Animal Haven, the work doesn’t end once an animal finds his forever home. Fifteen years and another relocation later, the Animal Haven of today has 15 staff members and a community of several thousand volunteers and fosters. They operate out of a stateof-the-art facility with a capacity for around 40 cats and 40 dogs — though they typically have around 100+ animals in their care at any given time — some of which arrive at the rescue with behavioral challenges that delay the adoption process. But Animal Haven isn’t in the business of turning animals away, so they’ve established a number of programs to solve these issues and enhance the bond between rescue animals and their adopters.

Yoyo has a big personality and loves to "work" for treats. He knows basic hand signal commands and enjoys affection, as long as it's on his terms. He’s currently seeking a low-key home with a family who’s willing to go at his pace.

“Internally, we address any special behavioral needs in our adoptable dogs via our Rehabilitation and Training program,” says Shannon. “Our training staff identifies behavioral needs, then develops a specific plan for each animal and works daily to teach the dogs the skills they need to be successful in a home environment.” This program not only serves to improve the dogs’ challenging behaviors, but is also a great way for them to receive mental enrichment. Ultimately, both outcomes help increase overall adoption rates.

arrived, he was very uncomfortable being touched, and upon examination we realized he was deaf,” says Shannon. “Our training staff taught Yoyo through hand signals, and he's learned that being touched can be a good thing!” Yoyo was adopted for a year before he was returned to Animal Haven. His adopters were forced to relinquish him due to a housing complication, and the rescue staff was happy to accept him back into their care. While there was nothing that could be done to keep this particular pup in his home, Animal Haven’s Community Engagement Program offers support to adoptive families to help ensure the success of every match. They’re the only animal rescue in NYC with a licensed social worker on staff, and pride themselves on using holistic approaches to enhance the welfare of both humans and animals throughout the community. It’s been more than 50 years since Animal Haven opened its doors, and countless lives have been touched since that time. Every challenge has given rise to a sweeping solution, and according to Shannon, this willingness to hurdle obstacles is part of what makes Animal Haven so special in the eyes of the community. “We've been able to take in animals that needed amputations, emergency surgeries, special extensive physical rehabilitation, and have even nursed several paralyzed animals back to mobility,” says Shannon. “We are very proud to be able to help these often-overlooked animals in need. Every single one of them is worth it!”

Find Animal Haven online at animalhavenshelter.org or follow them on Facebook, Instagram or Twitter (@animalhaven).

Animal Wellness

An UPDATE on vaccines & titer testing for dogs and cats By W. Jean Dodds, DVM

Despite research showing that most vaccines have a much longer duration of immunity than originally thought, many veterinarians and their clients still opt for annual boosters. Find out how to break free of this mold and protect your dog or cat from over-vaccination.

The harmful effects of over-vaccination in dogs and cats is not a new topic. And if you’ve ever had an animal who reacted badly to too many vaccines, then you know it’s a real issue. Yet many conventional veterinarians still believe what they originally learned about vaccines, and promote annual boosters. In fact, yearly vaccination remains the single most common reason for annual check-ups or “wellness visits”. This article looks at the vaccines your dog or cat

Animal Wellness

D gs Cats

really needs, and how to help protect him from the harmful effects of overvaccination through titer testing and other alternatives to conventional vaccine protocols.

WHY ANNUAL BOOSTERS AREN’T NECESSARY

veterinarians continue to tell their clients that there is no scientific evidence linking vaccinations with adverse effects and serious illness. Meanwhile, both pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine zealots abound with hysteria and misinformation, even though neither of these polarized views is helpful.

Discussions about the adverse effects of too many vaccines has been ongoing for decades, yet the newer knowledge is still considered controversial. Some

The truth is, when an adequate immune memory has already been established, there is little reason to introduce

unnecessary antigen, adjuvant and other excipients (as well as preservatives) by administering booster vaccines. By measuring serum antibody titers triennially, or more often if needed, your veterinarian can assess whether a given animal’s humoral immune response has fallen below levels of adequate immune memory. In that event, an appropriate vaccine booster can be administered. There is no such thing as an “up to date” or “due” vaccination. Enlightened veterinarians now offer a package of separated vaccine components, when available, rather than give them all together, since published data show more adverse reactions when multiple vaccines are administered at the same time.

VACCINE ADJUVANTS INCREASE RISK OF ADVERSE EVENTS Adding adjuvants to vaccines is intended to accelerate, prolong or enhance antigen-specific immune responses, thereby promoting their immunogenicity. However, this increases the risk of autoimmune and inflammatory adverse events. All licensed canine rabies vaccines still contain adjuvants, and most have thimerosal (mercury) or aluminum salts, whereas cats can receive a safer recombinant non-adjuvanted version. Importantly, killed inactivated vaccines containing adjuvants make up about 15% of the veterinary biologicals used, but have been associated with 85% of post-vaccination reactions. Currently, particular attention is being focused on these heavy metal salts — thimerosal (mercury) and aluminum — being used in human and animal vaccines. Aluminum and mercury have recently been found in the brains of autistic people, and from vaccine adjuvants that cross the blood-brain barrier after injection and then persist lifelong. Clearly, there is an urgent need to remove heavy metals, like aluminum and mercury, from all vaccines, but especially from those given to human and animal neonates and infants.

VACCINATION VS. IMMUNIZATION While the act of vaccination may not equate to actual immunization, vaccinated and truly immunized animals should be fully protected from disease, as immune memory cell immunity persists lifelong. Thus, giving boosters to immunized animals is unwise, as it introduces unnecessary antigen, excipient adjuvants, preservatives and other trace materials into their bodies. In the intervening years between booster vaccinations, and in the case of geriatric pets, circulating humoral immunity can be evaluated by measuring serum vaccine antibody titers as an indication of the presence of immune memory. Titers do not distinguish between immunity generated by vaccination and/or exposure to the disease, although the magnitude of immunity produced solely by vaccination is usually lower. Continued on page 52.

Focus on rabies The prevalence of reported rabies cases has been stable or decreasing for the past 15 years — except in bats, where it is increasing. For example, during 2015, about 100,000 samples were submitted for rabies diagnostics in the US, and 5,508 (5.6%) were positive. Of the positives, 92% cases were in wildlife (31% in bats, 29% in raccoons, 25% in skunks, 6% in foxes). In dogs, the rate was 1%, in cats 4%, and in cattle 1.5%. In the first half of 2019, ten rabid bats have been identified in Los Angeles County, which is double the number for the same period in 2018. Approximately 38 rabid bats have been encountered each year in this county since 2011, which represents about 15% of the bats tested. In Canada, meanwhile, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency tested 2,295 bat samples for rabies in 2015, and 151 (6.6%) were positive. This represented a 19.7% increase in the number of samples tested and a 62.4% increase over the number of positive bat samples tested in 2014. Although the routine vaccination of domestic animals continues to be the mainstay in rabies control and prevention, the Rabies Challenge Fund (rabieschallengefund.org) is showing that the duration of immunity of rabies vaccines is longer than the one- or three-year revaccination protocol currently in use. Results show that:

1 2

The duration of immunity to rabies in vaccinated dogs is at least five years.

Immunologic memory exists even in vaccinated dogs with low rabies serum antibody titers.

Non-adjuvanted recombinant rabies vaccines induced excellent antibody responses in previously vaccinated dogs 14 days after administration. Animal Wellness

Which vaccines does your dog or cat truly need? PUPPIES

KITTENS

Modified live virus (MLV) or recombinant “core” vaccines (canine distemper, CDV; canine hepatitis, CAV-2; and canine parvovirus, CPV) are given preferably either at nine to ten and 14 to 16 weeks of age (minimum protocol); or at nine, 12 and 16 to 18 weeks of age. A bivalent CDV + CPV vaccine can be given instead, as preferred by this author.

Core vaccines (feline panleukopenia, FPV; feline calicivirus; feline rhinotracheitis/herpes) given as MLV or killed, inactivated or intranasal products are started in a two- or three-dose series beginning, for example, at seven to nine weeks of age and 12 to 16 weeks; or at seven, 11 and 16 weeks.

For the optional bordetella or kennel cough vaccines, the oral version is preferred over the intranasal, although both offer more complete protection than the injectable version. Leptospirosis vaccines protect against only four serovars of the organism. They are also second to rabies vaccines when it comes to hypersensitivity risk and other adverse effects. This vaccine should only be considered if leptospirosis is endemic in your area. While canine influenza viruses (H3N2 and H3N8) are highly contagious, most infected dogs have mild to no clinical issues, unless they develop a high fever and are at risk for secondary pneumonia. Vaccination, while being widely promoted, is still optional.

Some people consider the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) vaccine important, especially among cats that live outdoors or are indoor/outdoor. Options are a recombinant nonadjuvanted or a killed adjuvanted vaccine. Feline immune deficiency virus (FIV) vaccine is available in an adjuvanted killed virus vaccine for cats with an exposure risk similar to that of FeLV. Other vaccines (chlamydia, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)) are generally not recommended or are optional, and depend on circumstances and disease risk in your area.

Continued from page 51.

ALTERNATIVES TO CONVENTIONAL VACCINE PRACTICES As an alternative to annual boosters, and to help protect your dog or cat from vaccine-related adverse events, discuss the following alternatives with your veterinarian. If he or she dismisses your concerns and/or insists on annual vaccines, it’s time to look for another vet.

protocol for dog/cat breeds or families at risk for adverse reactions. • Start the vaccination series later (nine to ten weeks for a puppy; eight weeks for a kitten). • Avoid revaccination of an animal with a prior adverse event. Be sure to watch your animal’s behavior and health after vaccination and alert your vet to any problems.

Once your dog or cat’s titer stabilizes, it should remain constant for many years. Titers are sustained unless he has a serious medical problem such as cancer, or receives high or prolonged doses of immune-suppressive drugs.

• Measure serum antibody titers • Avoid unnecessary vaccines or overvaccinating (see sidebar above). • Separate highly antigenic vaccines such as rabies from others by at least ten days. • Use thimerosal-free rabies vaccines for dogs, and as late as legally allowed. • Use caution when vaccinating sick or febrile animals. • Tailor a specific minimal vaccine

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VACCINE TITER TESTING When doing titer (serum antibody) testing on your dog or cat, your veterinarian will assess the immunologic status of your animal against the common clinicallyimportant infectious diseases, and determine if vaccine boosters are required or advisable. Protection is indicated by a positive titer result. Any measureable antibody level shows protection.

When determining a vaccine protocol for your dog or cat, it’s important to be able to dialogue with your veterinarian. By working with an enlightened vet, whether conventional, integrative or holistic, you can help ensure your animal remains protected from important infectious diseases without over-vaccination and the risk of adverse effects.

How

BUSINESS PROFILE

helps people — and their dogs and cats — lead healthier lives

For many of us, “healthy” isn’t a trend — it’s a way of life. Healthconscious people are seeking organic foods, regularly seeing naturopaths, and replacing chemical cleaners with essential oils. These lifestyle choices are also extending to our dogs and cats; however, it’s not always easy to find trustworthy products for companion animals. Enter NOW®, a company that empowers people — and their dogs and cats — to lead healthier lives by offering high quality, affordable natural products.

NOW has come a long way since it was founded just over half a century ago. It’s not only a well-known name among health-conscious people, but it’s also helping dogs and cats to better health. “NOW is known for exceptional product quality and expertise in the natural products industry, and we’re proud to bring this same commitment to the NOW Pets line,” says Regina. “We understand that pets are cherished family members, and deserve the same commitment to quality and safety as people do.”

“We’ve developed strong long-standing relationships with the best ingredient and raw material suppliers, and we leverage these relations to ensure our pet products are formulated with natural botanicals and quality ingredients,” says Regina. “We don’t cut corners.” In fact, their entire pet line is made from many of the same quality ingredients as their supplements for people, and every bottle carries the National Animal Supplement Council seal — a testament to the company’s high standards.

“Back in the 60s, the health food industry was in its infancy,” says Regina Flight, Category Manager for NOW® Pets. “During these formative years, entrepreneur Elwood Richard started a small chain of health food stores in the Chicago area, called Health House. With a degree in physical chemistry, along with research experience in enhancing physical performance through the use of healthy foods and nutritional supplements, Elwood was a firm believer in the benefits of natural products. Elwood eventually started NOW in order to offer health foods at a competitive price in his stores.”

The NOW Pets line includes supplements for joint health, immunity, allergies and GI support. The company also offers Omega 3 softgels, urinary support chewable tablets, a relaxant, and a unique L-Lysine powder for cats. Thanks to the input of Dr. Barbara Royal — “one of the world’s premier holistic veterinarians,” says Regina — all NOW pet formulations address common health conditions faced by thousands of animal parents across North America.

Still owned by the Richard family, NOW celebrated their 50th anniversary last year — a significant milestone that has them reflecting on their past and looking to the future. Whatever the next 50 years hold for this trailblazing company, they plan to remain committed to their founding principle — empowering healthy lives for all. “As a pet parent, I trust the quality and integrity of our products and feel very confident giving them to my aging dog,” says Regina. “Every day, I see firsthand how they help her.” That’s certainly cause for celebration!

To ensure the quality of their pet products, NOW sources their ingredients from suppliers they know and trust.

Animal Wellness

SELF CARE

SELF CARE TIPS

FOR DOG PARENTS

By Emily Watson

You’ve just welcomed a new dog into your life and are spending lots of time looking after him — grooming, feeding, training, exercising and playing with him. But are you also looking after yourself? Here’s how to carve out time for self care when you’re a dog parent.

Whether you’re a novice or seasoned dog parent, adopting a new canine friend means devoting a great deal of time to ensuring he settles in and gets the best care possible. Looking after a new dog on top of an already busy lifestyle can sometimes mean you put self care on the back burner, and that can lead to fatigue, burn-out and other problems, both physical and mental/ emotional. Here are ten ways to ensure you’re looking after yourself as well as your new four-legged buddy.

Animal Wellness

TAKE ADVANTAGE OF YOUR DOG’S NAP TIME

Any experienced mom will tell you that when the baby’s sleeping, you should be, too! Most dogs nap frequently — especially puppies — giving you plenty of opportunity to catch up on housework, pay the bills, and get some sleep of your own.

INVEST IN INTERACTIVE TOYS

As a dog parent, interactive toys are your friend. These playthings engage your dog on a much deeper level than regular toys, exercising his mental faculties and keeping him occupied for longer periods. Look for vessel or

puzzle toys that can be stuffed with healthy treats; an activity mat that encourages him to engage in different tasks; or simply hide treats throughout the room or house for him to sniff out. While a new puppy or dog should be supervised during play, you’ll have two hands free to get things done.

SOCIALIZE

Being around others of your species is as important for you as it is for your dog! Get social by setting up playdates with other dog parents in your area. This will give you the opportunity to make some new friends and catch up with existing ones, all while your dog learns or brushes up on his social skills. As an added bonus, chatting with others about any challenges you’re facing with your new dog will help put things into perspective and present solutions you may not have considered.

Adopting a new dog doesn’t have to mean giving up life as you know it. In fact, it shouldn’t! While your schedule will shift to accommodate his needs, you can still do the things you love. If your dog is a puppy and/or is still in the process of settling in, enlist a friend or family member to dogsit once or twice a week so you can attend a yoga class, go for a jog, or take a long, hot bubble bath. No matter how busy you are, taking time to enjoy life is a crucial part of settling into a healthy, happy routine that works for both of you.

If you don’t love yourself, you can’t love others.

CRATE TRAIN

Crate training a new puppy or dog is a good idea for multiple reasons. Having a safe confined space gives him a place to rest, and gives you the peace of mind you need to leave him unattended for short periods. It’ll also help prevent him from developing separation anxiety, which arises when dogs aren’t taught how to be on their own.

USE YOUR ENERGY WISELY

You’re bound to run out of steam quickly if you try to keep up with a puppy or young dog. Conserve your energy by playing smarter, not harder. Rather than running around the yard with your new friend, take a seat and throw a ball for him to chase. Better yet — if you have another dog, teach them how to play safely with each other so you can relax on the sidelines.

DON’T SACRIFICE THE THINGS YOU ENJOY

—DALAI LAMA

LEARN TO FORGIVE

You’re going to make mistakes and so is your new companion. He may have accidents on the floor, for example, and you might find yourself feeling impatient or annoyed. But mistakes are part of the process, and they’re certainly not worth stressing about. Learn to forgive yourself as well as your dog, and channel any pent-up frustration inyo teaching him the right way to behave. Use compassion, positive interactions and plenty of rewards!

EAT RIGHT

Quality nutrition is a crucial component of your dog’s needs — and the same goes for you.

Maintain a healthy diet by meal prepping for both you and your dog at the same time. If you’ve chosen not to make his food from scratch, you can still take the time to prepare healthy food for yourself by corralling your new friend in the kitchen where you can keep an eye on him while you cook. Baby gates aren’t just for toddlers!

EXERCISE

Another aspect of self care that will benefit you and your new dog! A dog’s activity requirements vary depending on his age and breed, so ask your veterinarian what’s best. As a general rule, a couple of short walks a day is ideal. Once his exercise needs have been met, focus on your own. If you can’t get away, work out in the company of your furry friend. Sweating will lower your stress levels and give you a much-needed boost of energy.

ASK FOR HELP

You’re not alone! In addition to family and friends, a growing number of services are available for dog parents. Dog walkers, pet sitters, doggie daycares, groomers and mobile vets are all at your disposal — do your homework to ensure you get people who will care for your dog like he’s their own. Making time for self care is difficult — especially when you have a new dog to attend to. But looking after yourself should also be a priority. And with these tips, it can be! Animal Wellness

EATING WELL

Superfoods from the sea D gs Cats

THEY’RE GOOD FOR YOUR DOG OR CAT! By Dr. Suzi Beber, Honouris Causa

From dulse to wakame, sea vegetables are packed with nutrition. Try these tasty and healthy recipes on your animal companion. Did you know that seaweeds are among the oldest forms of life on earth? They’re also regarded as superfoods, rich in nutrients, and make a healthy addition to your dog or cat’s diet as well as your own. Let’s look at what sea vegetables offer, and how you can serve them up to your animal family.

A little background Juliette de Bairacli Levy, the “mother of herbal medicine” for animals, first introduced seaweed to the veterinary community in the early 1930s. However, the use of sea vegetables

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in human cultures dates back much further. Archeology has demonstrated that seaweeds have been included in human diets for at least 10,000 years. The ancient Chinese used kelp and other seaweeds as medicine, while these marine plants have been integral to Japanese cuisine for over 1,500 years. The ancient Greeks used kelp to feed their cattle; the people of Iceland used kelp as a food staple; and ancient Hawaiian nobles grew gardens of edible seaweeds. In Europe and Great Britain, meanwhile, kelp was used as a fertilizer to feed soil and support plant growth.

It’s estimated that our oceans are home to more than 8,000 species of seaweed. Unlike land plants, sea vegetables have no leaves, stalks or roots, so their growth depends on energy from the sun.

Sourcing seaweed Look for sustainably-harvested, lowtemperature, sun-dried, OCIA (Organic Crop Improvement Association) standard sea vegetables, which have been tested for heavy metals, herbicides, pesticides, PCBs, fuel oil and bacteriological contaminants. OCIA is a non-profit, member-owned agricultural organization that’s dedicated to providing the highest quality organic certification services and access to global organic markets.

It’s also committed to environmentallysound stewardship. Fresh sea vegetables should be washed and stored in the refrigerator, and cooked in ceramic pots, glassware or stainless steel. Dried sea vegetables should be stored in dark glass jars or hung in dark dry rooms.

Sea vegetable shopping list Acadian sea kelp Acadian sea kelp contains protein, iodine, calcium, sulphur, magnesium, iron, copper, phosphorus, sodium and potassium, along with vitamins A, B, E and D. This type of kelp comes from the North Atlantic coast of Canada. Trained harvesters hand-rake the marine plants under closely-controlled conditions to ensure purity and freshness, and to safeguard this precious natural resource. The fresh seaweed is dried using gentle passive solar drying technology to preserve its nutritional benefits. Kelp, including Acadian sea kelp, is the richest single source of trace minerals. Pituitary, adrenal and thyroid glands benefit from these trace minerals. Kelp supports the immune system, helps regulate blood sugar levels, soothes the gastrointestinal tract, and helps alleviate joint pain. Kelp reduces cholesterol levels by inhibiting bile acid absorption. It also helps flush harmful bacteria from the bladder, reduces inflammation in injured tissues, and supports skin and coat health.

Dulse Also known as sea parsley, dulse is a red sea vegetable. Its history of use dates back 14,000 years. Dulse grows attached to rocks on both sides of the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific coasts. It is picked by hand at low tide and left to dry. Dulse is a rich source of iron, potassium, iodine, vitamin B6, riboflavin and dietary fiber. It also contains protein, floridoside (a type of carbohydrate), calcium, fluoride, magnesium, copper, zinc, manganese, chromium and vitamins C and E. The natural iodine in dulse supports thyroid function.

studies have shown that when fucoidan is administered to cancer cells in a Petri dish, the cells are destroyed within 72 hours through a self-induced process called apotosis. Kombu kelp combines well with carrots and squash, for a nutritional meal topper. Chicken and beef stocks can be replaced with a stock made from kombu, for a powerful nutritional punch. You can also add it to bone broths. Simply soak dried kombu pieces in filtered water until they are soft. Drain and cut the kombu into small pieces, and add ½ to 1 cup to your broth.

You can use dulse as a substitute for regular table salt, serve it alongside dark leafy vegetables, or toast it for a great crunchy treat your animals will love.

Soaked, simmered, sautéed, roasted, pan-fried or marinated, kombu is a great addition to the whole family’s diet.

Kombu

Nori

Kombu is a type of kelp, also called Laminaria digitata, setchelli and horsetail kelp, since that is exactly what it looks like. It is the largest of the sea vegetables, growing up to 1,500 feet. Kombu kelp is a meaty high-protein seaweed that supports liver, stomach and kidney function. It contains iodine, carotenes, vitamins B, C, D and E, calcium, magnesium, potassium, silica, iron and zinc. It’s also higher in natural mineral salts than most other seaweeds. Kombu also contains glutamine and fucoidan, a complex polysaccharide. It supports kidney and thyroid function, and even acts as a natural fungicide. Japanese

Nori (Porphyra yezoensis) contains a significant amount of protein, vitamins A, B and C, minerals and amino acids, including arginine, typically found in animal protein. Other amino acids that nori offers include alanine, glutamic acid, which helps support the gastrointestinal tract and aid in the digestive process, and glycine. This sea vegetable also contains a significant amount of taurine, which provides liver and cardiovascular support.

Supplementing

with

Many people use a kelp supplement for themselves or their animals. Be very careful when purchasing one of these supplements — check for a current laboratory assay and know the iodine content.

Nori sheets are low in sodium, but boast high levels of dietary fiber, magnesium, potassium, riboflavin and vitamins A

kelp Suggested dosages Cats and small dogs 1/ 8 teaspoon per day Medium-sized dogs ¼ teaspoon per day Large dogs ½ teaspoon per day Animal Wellness

Tips for preparing sushi • Sushi rice is a sticky rice

that lacks amylose, a type of starch. It takes longer to digest than regular rice. Rinse sushi rice until the water becomes clear, prior to cooking.

•K ombu kelp can be

used to add an extra punch to sushi rice while it is being prepared.

•L ay out the nori sheet

on a bamboo rolling mat, with the rough side “up”.

•

S coop cooked sushi rice and distribute evenly on nori paper.

•M oisten hands and

press rice into nori paper, adding extra moisture along the edge to help seal the rolls.

•A dd protein and top with

vegetable matchsticks and sprouts. Besides the ingredients we have listed here, consider asparagus, avocado, Shiitake mushrooms, sweet potatoes or yams, and even hard-boiled eggs.

and C. Try spreading nori sheets on a cookie sheet covered with parchment paper and bake them in a preheated 300°F oven for five to ten minutes. Sprinkle some on your animal’s food before serving. Nori can also be dry roasted on your stovetop for a crunchy treat.

Wakame Otherwise known as Undaria pinnatifida, wakame is a brown seaweed and one of the most popular foods from the sea. It has been eaten in Japan and Korea for centuries. Wakame contains a compound called fucoxanthin, which has many benefits, including the oxidation of fatty acids and the production of heat energy in fat tissue mitochondria, creating energy from sugar and fatty acids, and regulating metabolism, making this sea vegetable helpful to diabetics. Wakame is a rich source of eicosapentaenoic acid, an Omega 3 fatty

Irish moss makes a perfect “supersprinkle” for your dog or cat’s food. It provides glandular and lung support and soothes the gastrointestinal tract. It also contains calcium chloride, which acts as a heart tonic and provides support to the kidneys and bladder.

Chicken sushi Ingredients ¾ cup cooked sushi rice 1 sheet nori 1 boneless skinless chicken breast, cut in cubes

•A lways use a clean

1 tablespoon parsley, finely minced

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Irish moss

Here are four easy recipes for your furry friend that will have you rolling like a pro in no time. Try to choose organic ingredients whenever possible.

6 matchstick-sized pieces of Japanese/ Hukurei turnip

In traditional Asian medicine, wakame is used to purify the blood, aid in liver detoxification, and support the gastrointestinal system and reproductive organs. Research indicates that wakame helps contribute to healthy skin and coat in animals, and has anti-carcinogenic properties.

It’s sushi time!

• Roll sushi away from you. sharp knife (cut/rinse/ cut) when cutting your large sushi rolls into bite-sized pieces.

acid, and also contains high levels of calcium, iodine, thiamine and niacin. It’s a source of chlorophyll, protein, magnesium, iron and dietary fiber. In fact wild Atlantic wakame (Alaria) contains more dietary fiber than oat bran.

1 tablespoon firstpressed olive oil ¼ teaspoon turmeric Pinch of Himalayan sea salt (optional)

Instructions Sauté chicken breast in medium-sized pan with olive oil. Sprinkle with turmeric and sea salt. Cool completely in the refrigerator or freezer, then thinly slice the chicken cubes before preparing sushi rolls.

Salmon sushi Ingredients

Instructions

Âž cup cooked sushi rice

Lightly sear salmon filet in a medium-sized pan with first-pressed olive oil and ginger. (Dogs should not eat raw salmon.) Cool completely in the refrigerator or freezer, before combining with sushi rice and preparing sushi roll.

1 sheet nori 1 filet wild cooked salmon 6 matchstick-sized pieces of golden beet 6 matchstick-sized pieces of cucumber 1 tablespoon first-pressed olive oil 1 tablespoon fresh ginger, finely grated

Beef sushi Ingredients 1 cup cooked sushi rice 1 sheet nori 3 tablespoons raw ground beef* Pinch of turmeric 6 matchstick-sized pieces of carrot Small handful of fresh pea sprouts * This is a raw roll, but the beef can be cooked too.

Sardine sushi Ingredients 1 cup cooked sushi rice 1 sheet nori 1 large sardine, sliced in half, lengthwise

6 matchstick-sized pieces of carrot 6 matchstick-sized pieces of cucumber, without rind 6 matchstick-pieces of golden beet

Continued on page 60. Animal Wellness

Continued from page 59.

Kelp kisses

Baked fish cakes

Ingredients

1 can wild sockeye salmon — you can also use wild Pacific Coast solid white albacore tuna, mackerels or sardines (120 grams/4.23 ounce cans)

2 pounds ground white fish (e.g. pollock, cod)

4 tablespoons oatmeal

2 cups stone-ground whole grain flour (e.g. whole brown rice, whole oats — or quinoa, which though not technically a true whole grain, can be used in the same way

3 eggs 2 carrots

¾ cup filtered water, fish or vegetable stock, or a combination

1 tablespoon fresh parsley or 1½ teaspoons dried parsley (substitute 1 teaspoon of the parsley for catnip if you’re making these for your cat.) 1½ teaspoons Acadian sea kelp, dulse or Irish moss ½ teaspoon sea salt (optional) 1 cup filtered water or fish stock ¼ cup first-pressed virgin olive oil

Instructions Preheat oven to 350°F. Put all the ingredients in a food processor or blender, and whirl until everything is thoroughly combined and really smooth. Line two cookie sheets with parchment paper. Then pretend you are making deviled eggs, and scoop the mixture into a cookie press. If you don’t have a cookie press, spoon the mixture onto your cookie sheets, the way you would with drop cookies. Bake for 20 minutes, then turn your oven off, letting the kisses cool completely in the oven before storing them in an airtight container or Ziploc bag in the refrigerator. These treats also freeze well.

2 teaspoons Acadian sea kelp

¼ cup first pressed olive oil

Nori sheets for wrapping fish cakes

Instructions Preheat oven to 350°F. Combine all ingredients, except the fish, in a food processor or blender. Turn out into a large mixing bowl. Add fish and combine thoroughly. Line cookie sheets with parchment paper or lightly grease them. You can make perfect large cakes for your animal by using an old-fashioned ice cream scoop. To make small patties, try using a fruit scoop, like one used for making melon balls. Place each cake or patty in the middle of a nori sheet, flatten with a fork, wrap like a present and place on the cookie sheet. Bake for approximately one hour. Remove cakes from the oven and cool completely, before storing in your refrigerator or freezer. Slice and serve. As an alternative, line a 9"x12" Pyrex baking dish with the nori sheets (bottom and sides), scoop in the fish mix and make sure it is evenly spread out. Top with nori sheets before baking, according to the instructions above. This recipe can easily be cut in half; or you can make up the fish blend and freeze it in small portions for future use. A little goes a long way.

Kombu candy Ingredients

Kombu kelp balls Ingredients ½ cup cooked sushi rice ½ cup cooked wild salmon Kombu kelp powder

Instructions Try to use organic ingredients whenever possible. Combine cooked salmon and sushi rice in small bowl. Moisten your hands, form small balls from the salmon/rice mixture, then roll in Kombu kelp powder. Chill and serve.

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Package of kombu

½ cup filtered water

¼ cup unpasteurized local honey

1 cup finely ground Brazil nuts or almonds

Instructions Soak the dried kombu pieces in filtered water until they are soft. Drain and cut kombu into small pieces, enough to fill ½ cup. Combine ¼ cup unpasteurized local honey with ½ cup filtered water and bring to a boil. Reduce the heat to simmer, add the kombu, and continue to gently cook until the liquid has evaporated. This takes about one hour. Preheat oven to 300°F. Spread the ground almonds or Brazil nuts on a cookie sheet that has been covered with parchment paper. Take the kombu pieces and coat them in the ground nuts. Bake for 30 minutes. Cool completely before enticing your animals with these tasty morsels. This is a treat the whole family can share.

IN THE NEWS

More dogs and cats are eating better, according to new study

They say animals look like their people — and they eat like them too! A survey of 1,000 dog and cat parents, commissioned by Michelson Found Animals and conducted by Kelton Global, uncovered some interesting facts about how people feed their companion animals based on how they eat themselves.

Infographic courtesy of Michelson Found Animals

• More than half of survey respondents (52%) believe they feed their dogs and cats better than they feed themselves. Millennials are more likely to say this (60% versus 48% for those 35+), as are dog parents (56% versus 48% for cat parents).

•4 7% of animal parents who eat organic foods give their fur babies organic as well. • Almost one in five people feed their dogs and cats exotic proteins such as bison. • More than a quarter (27%) give their animals vitamins and supplements. • 1 5% of survey respondents said they cook meals for their dogs and cats. • Almost four in ten animal parents with a food subscription service for their human families have also signed up for a subscription service for their companion animals.

The survey additionally showed that 70% of animal parents who are on a diet put their dogs and cats on a special diet as well. Furthermore, 45% of respondents on a protein-rich diet also feed their animals proteinrich food. These results don’t specify whether or not respondents consulted their vets before changing their animals’ diets, but it’s worth noting that it’s important to talk to your veterinarian before putting your dog or cat on any kind of diet, or before drastically changing the protein levels in his food. Just because your own doctor or nutritionist may have advised you to make these changes to your own diet doesn’t necessarily mean your animal needs to as well. In general, however, this survey demonstrates that more dog and cat parents are becoming educated about pet nutrition and making positive changes to keep their furry friends healthy! foundanimals.org

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NATURAL REMEDIES

Natural remedies that support a healthy immune system in your pet By Amanda Ardente, DVM, PhD

From triacontanol and docosanal to aloe vera, squalene and calendula — these remedies support your animal’s immunity while helping treat bacterial and fungal infections. A variety of natural remedies support a healthy, optimally-functioning immune system in your dog or cat, and may also help treat active bacterial and fungal infections. Triacontanol and docosanol are fatty alcohols derived from beeswax and plant cuticle waxes. They have antiinflammatory and anti-viral effects when given orally or applied topically. Triacontanol prevents inflammation associated with lipid (or fat) oxidation. Lipid oxidation occurs normally in the body in small amounts, but becomes exacerbated in the face of inflammation. As a consequence, free radicals are generated, causing damage to surrounding healthy cells and tissues. By limiting lipid oxidation and preventing the formation of free radicals, triacontanol acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. More specifically, docosanol inhibits viruses from binding to host cells, preventing infection. Both have proven effective in treating herpes virus, which commonly affects cats. Topical application has also proven

to be an effective alternative to topical steroid treatment. Other natural remedies with antiinflammatory and antibacterial effects include aloe vera, squalene and calendula. • The complex sugars contained in aloe vera leaves support the immune system and act to prevent bacterial infections. Aloe vera is effective both when taken orally and applied topically. • Squalene is a naturally-occurring antibiotic that can be extracted from shark livers — or, more humanely and sustainably, from plant sources like rice bran, wheat germ, amaranth and olives. When applied topically, this potent antibiotic is effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections. Squalene also has fungicidal activity, killing fungal cells from within by interfering with their cellular structure; and anti-protozoal effects, destroying invasive protozoal organisms via osmotic lysis. • Calendula, or marigold, is a flowering plant that also has anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal properties when applied topically. Specifically,

Dr. Amanda Ardente is a veterinarian with a PhD in animal nutrition. Based in Gainesville, Florida, she provides nutritional consultation services for a variety of animals, from dogs and cats, to horses and goats, to fish and dolphins. Dr. Ardente believes nutrition plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of disease, and seeks to address clinically-relevant nutrition concerns for all species.

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calendula inhibits 22 strains of yeast (Candida) species. For any disease process that causes inflammation or, more specifically, any bacterial or viral infection, adding these remedies to your animal’s treatment plan can help naturally support healing. They work to improve the effectiveness of anti-fungal treatments, limit the need for steroidal therapies, and provide additional antibacterial support. Ask your veterinarian about incorporating them into your animal’s daily regimen.

REFERENCES Gazim ZC, Rezende CM, Fraga SR. Svidzinski TIE, Cortez DAG. “Antifungal activity of the essential oil from Calendula officinalis L. (asteraceae) growing in Brazil”. Braz. J. Microbiol. 39(1): 61-63. Hammon JH. 2008. “Composition and applications of Aloe vera leaf gel”. Molecules. 13(8) 1599-1616. Katz DH, Marcelletti JF, Khalil MH, Pope LE, Katz LR. 1991. “Antiviral activity of 1-docosanol, an inhibitor of lipid-enveloped viruses including herpes simplex”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88: 10825-10829. Kelly GS. 1999. “Squalene and its potential clinical uses”. Altern Med Rev. 4(1): 29-36. McBride PT, Clark L, Kruger GG. 1987. “Evaluation of triacontanol containing compounds as anti-inflammatory agents using guinea pig models”. J. Invest. Dermatol. 89: 380-383. Pope LE, Marcelletti JF, Katz LR, Katz DH. 1996. “Anti-herpes simplex virus activity of n-docosanol correlates with intracellular metabolic conversion of the drug”. J Lipid Res. 37: 2167-2178. Warren PR, Burger RA, Sidwell RW, Clark LL. 1992. “Effect of triacontanol on numbers and functions of cells involved in inflammatory responses”. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 200: 349-352.

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SWITCHING YOUR CAT TO A

RAW DIET? By Jean Hofve, DVM

Given how finicky felines can be, transitioning your kitty to a raw diet may seem overwhelming. It may take him a while to accept the new food, but patience and persistence will pay off. You’d like to switch your cat to a raw diet, but he’s so picky you feel it’ll be too much of a challenge. It’s true that cats hate change, so there’s no guarantee your kitty will be on board with your decision. But that doesn’t mean it’s impossible. The ultimate key is patience. I have known cats who took many months to fully transition to raw food. If you follow the tips in this article, however, and refuse to give up, you’ll eventually succeed!

Overcoming your feline’s food preferences Kittens form their food preferences early; and once they’re set, many will refuse any new food. A large number of cats who have eaten only commercial dry food their whole lives simply don’t recognize anything else as food.

How do you overcome these ingrained preferences? The first step is to implement a meal-feeding schedule. Food should not be available around the clock. Feed your cat in 15- to 30-minute meals, two to four times a day, with no snacking in between. This helps ensure he’ll be hungry at mealtimes. The commonly-recommended program that involves replacing ¼ of the old food with new food each week, doesn’t always work very well for cats. An even more gradual approach, with many intermediate stages over time, may be necessary. It's also better for your cat, since sudden changes can cause unnecessary tummy upset.

If your cat is currently only eating a commercial dry food, it's generally

LET YOUR KITTY SET THE PACE Allow your cat to dictate the speed of transitioning his diet. Some cats will readily eat a new food — but don't expect yours to be one of them. Don't push too hard or too fast. Realize it may take weeks, months — or longer! Most failures are due to giving up too soon, so you'll need a big reservoir of patience and persistence. One of my own cats ate raw food immediately, but the other wouldn't voluntarily eat it for three years!

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easier to transition to a good quality canned food first, before moving to raw. This allows your cat’s digestive system and gut bacteria to gently adjust to the increased moisture, new texture, different processing and increased protein. Just getting him to eat a little high quality food is a huge improvement! Start by putting a little bit of wet food (1/8 to ½ teaspoon) on top of the dry food. Alternatively, mix a small amount of canned food into the dry, or sprinkle some plain dry food over the wet. If the canned food isn't appetizing enough for your cat, try meat baby food (without onion). Discard anything not eaten within 20 to 30 minutes.

If your cat refuses the food with canned or raw mixed in, offer only the new food for the first half of the meal period, before offering his normal food. Many cats will be hungry enough to at least taste it. Plus, after they’ve seen it there day after day, their aversion will start to diminish.

You can use flower essences, such as Bach's Walnut and Vine, or Jackson Galaxy Solutions' Changing Times, to help your cat overcome any mental blocks about changing his food. Shortly before feeding time, put a few drops on your fingers and massage his ears.

Always make sure your cat is eating at each meal. If not, take a step back to the last thing he did eat, or offer his favorite food by itself. Never fast a cat, and never allow him to go more than 24 hours without eating. Cats (especially when overweight) can get into big trouble if they miss meals, or even if they eat too little over several days. They can quickly develop life-threatening hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver disease).

Once your cat is eating the wet food, you can start introducing raw food using the same method as outlined previously. See sidebar at right for more tips.

TRICKS TO EASE THE TRANSITION When switching from commercial kibble to wet food • Sprinkle or embed a few kibbles on top. • Sprinkle a little shredded cheese or Parmesan powder on top. • Crush the dry food into crumbs; make tiny, cat-bite-sized meatballs of the wet food and roll them in the crumbs. • Feed by hand. • Squish a tiny bit of the new food into the corner of your cat’s mouth so he really tastes it. Don't force it, though, if the cat resists — you don’t want him to associate the new food with anything unpleasant.

What if he develops tummy troubles?

When switching from wet food to raw

It's a given that raw meat is contaminated with bacteria; many harmless, a few dangerous. While a cat's highly acidic stomach and short digestive tract make illness from food-borne bacteria rare, it’s still a good idea to take the following precautions.

• Use the same process, adding a tiny bit of raw food at a time to the wet food, and gradually increase the proportion of raw.

Many cats will experience a change in stool, even diarrhea, with any dietary alteration. As long as the cat is still eating well and acting fine, a little diarrhea is nothing to worry about. However, if he has additional symptoms, such as vomiting, lethargy, weakness or poor appetite, or if diarrhea persists, contact your veterinarian. There may be something else going on.

• Start with plain meat, without veggies or supplements. You can get away with this for a week or two before you must properly balance the diet. Many pet food companies now offer nutritionally-balanced frozen raw or freeze-dried/dehydrated raw diets. • Lightly brown the meat in a glass, ceramic, stainless steel or cast iron pan; never use Teflon, aluminum or copper cookware for your cat's food, due to potential toxicity.

YOU CAN USE FLOWER ESSENCES TO HELP YOUR CAT OVERCOME ANY MENTAL BLOCKS ABOUT CHANGING HIS FOOD. These two precautions will help ease digestive issues caused by a diet change: • Add a digestive enzyme supplement. Enzymes should be plant- or fungal-based, and include at least protease, lipase and amylase. Digestive enzymes will help the intestines break down the food more completely, and will also help destroy some of the bacteria that may have escaped the stomach acid. • Add probiotics to help balance the gut’s bacterial population. Probiotics are “friendly” bacteria such as L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Healthy bacteria will prevent any bad bacteria, such as Samonella, from gaining a foothold. Be aware that cats will often eat less raw food than other forms. A cat who eats eight ounces of canned food per day may need only five or six ounces of raw food. That translates into a healthier cat, fewer vet bills, and an all-around win for you! Animal Wellness

HEALTH WATCH

Do grainfree diets

REALLY

cause canine heart disease? By Katie Kangas, DVM, CVA, CVCP

While the recent headlines may sound alarming, the connection between grain-free dog foods and heart disease isn’t as clear-cut as many believe.

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ou’ve probably seen the recent headlines: “Grain-free diets linked to heart disease in dogs!” These widelypublicized claims have arisen from speculations that foods which negatively affect taurine status are leading to taurine-deficiency dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. Foods that contain high levels of peas, lentils and potatoes are identified by the FDA as potential risk factors, and these common ingredients are found in many pet foods that are formulated and marketed as “grain-free”. But is it really true? Are grain-free diets really causing heart disease in our dogs?

“Link” doesn’t mean “cause” First of all, it is important to understand that a link or correlation does not equate to a direct cause. Furthermore, many factors typically contribute to heart disease, and recent research suggests that diet is a factor in only about 30% of dogs with DCM. Some dogs with DCM — but not all — will improve with taurine supplementation. This demonstrates that multiple influences are involved with the DCM disease process, and that the exact role and impact of dietary taurine appears complex and is not yet fully understood.

What is taurine? Taurine is an amino acid found primarily in meat. Most amino acids are mainly used to build proteins, but taurine plays a unique role in many of the body’s functions. Notably, taurine is required for the proper function of muscle tissues — especially the heart. It is also vital for the eyes and brain, and is a component of bile, which breaks down dietary fat. Additionally, taurine has beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Taurine is not normally a requirement in canine diets, since dogs are generally able to synthesize it from other amino acids found in proteins within meat, poultry, fish and eggs. It appears however, that certain breeds may be more prone to taurine deficiency issues than others. (Unlike dogs, cats must consume taurine in their diets, as they cannot produce their own.) It is important to note that taurine is found naturally in animal-based

proteins (meat, fish and eggs) but not in plant-based protein sources. As well, the high temperatures and extreme heat used to process many pet foods alter the bioavailability of taurine.

Quality makes a difference Therefore, diets that include high quality animal proteins, and that aren’t heat-damaged, should provide adequate taurine. Conversely, low quality proteins or excessively heattreated foods will be poorly-digested, thereby reducing taurine availability. With this in mind, it is becoming increasingly clear that the issues implicating “grain-free” pet foods as a potential health risk may be associated with the following factors:

Most low quality grain-free foods have high concentrations of plantbased proteins, such as lentils, peas and other legumes, as well as potatoes.

Most of these pet foods are heavily processed and heated at extremely high temperatures, which alters the bioavailability of taurine.

The microbiome plays a part Another factor that plays a major role in taurine deficiency involves the dog’s gut microbiome. It appears that bacterial microbes in the gut have a significant impact on the processing and utilization of this important amino acid. When the microbiome is shifted out of balance, it can create an environment in the gut that favors types of bacteria that degrade taurine, making this amino acid less available

MAKING FOOD CHOICES FOR YOUR OWN DOG The report mentioned in the article offers sensible recommendations when making food choices for your dog: 1. Buy a good quality food that contains plenty of animal-based protein like meat, fish and eggs as the top ingredients. 2. Avoid foods that rely on legumes or potatoes as their primary ingredients. 3. When using whole food ingredients like legumes and lentils in a home-prepared diet, soak and/or sprout them for optimal nutrition and digestibility. 4. Look for foods that are minimally processed to preserve naturally-occurring nutrients such as taurine, as well as many other amino acids, vitamins and minerals.

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GLYPHOSATE CONTRIBUTES TO THE PROBLEM Although we now understand more about the critical role of gut microbes and the body’s microbiome, we are also realizing that modern methods of agriculture and food processing are proving detrimental to microbiome health and diversity. Healthy gut bacteria are dramatically altered by diets of heavily processed foods, preservatives, and increasing levels of toxins such as glyphosate, which is the main ingredient in Monsanto’s RoundUp product. Interestingly, not only is glyphosate a toxin, but it is also technically an antibiotic, as it interferes with enzymatic pathways in many bacteria. So it’s easy to see why this herbicide affects the body’s beneficial bacteria and microbiome status. It is interesting to note that lentils and peas contain some of the highest glyphosate levels, followed by oats, corn, soy, wheat and potatoes. While glyphosate is recognized as an antimicrobial as well as an herbicide, it is also known to break down the tight junctions of the cells that form the lining of the gut, or gastrointestinal tract. This breakdown of cellular junctions degrades the gut’s intelligent barrier system, leading to leaky gut syndrome, which also allows in other toxins (beyond glyphosate). In other words, chronic exposure to glyphosate and other toxins is leading to gut inflammation, a depletion of the numbers and diversity of gut microbes, and an alteration in digestion and the immune response to components in food.

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to the dog’s body, including his muscle tissues and heart. The balance and diversity of the microbiome is affected by many factors, including the ingredients consumed in food, such as higher levels of carbohydrates that break down into sugars. In addition, the microbiome is greatly affected by chronic inflammation in the intestinal tract, a problem that is now commonly identified in dogs (and people).

explains that the link between grain-free foods and heart disease is likely a multifactorial problem related to alterations in gut flora, perhaps arising from high percentages of legumes in lower quality “grainfree” diets, that can change taurine absorption and alter its digestibility and bioavailability. Additionally, the report states the problem may also be related to the processing of protein sources.

It is important to understand that a LINK or CORRELATION does not equate to a DIRECT CAUSE. Chronic inflammation in the lining of the intestines leads to what is commonly referred to as “leaky gut syndrome”, which means gut integrity is compromised, allowing the passage of components through the normally protective gut barrier and directly into circulation with the rest of the body. This problem can lead to numerous disease issues, but also greatly affects the microbes crucial to digestion and food processing, as well as immune function, brain function and overall health.

The problem is multi-factorial A recent report, compiled by experts in holistic veterinary medicine and canine nutrition,

As discussed above, using high heat to process proteins causes altered digestion, creates proinflammatory mediators — leading to inflammation in the gut and body — and results in a shift in microbiome bacteria. This type of shift can promote an intestinal environment that favors increased numbers of taurine-degrading bacteria. As you can see, saying that “grainfree foods cause heart disease” is too simplistic. Many factors are involved in this issue, from a diet’s quality, ingredients and processing to the health of the dog’s microbiome. In other words, feeding your dog a grain-free diet doesn’t mean he’s definitely going to develop heart disease!

Stay up to date with all the latest research on this topic at animalwellnessmagazine.com.

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Product Picks

What we love:

Lets you program up to ten containment areas simply by walking a perimeter.

What we love:

All their herbs and superfoods are certified organic or wild-crafted.

Safely contained

Doing some fall camping? Travelling to be with family this Thanksgiving? If your dog is going with you, consider the SpotOn Virtual Smart Fence to keep him safe. This all-in-one containment and tracking system lets you take your dog — and a virtual fence — wherever you go. It’s also great for home use. SpotOnCollar.com

Maintain his overall wellness

Keep your dog healthy through the colder months ahead with Canine Wellness Blend from Sustenance Herbs. It strengthens overall health by balancing his immune system and supporting all his body systems, thanks to a blend of organic adaptogens (botanicals that adapt to body stressors) and tonic herbs (to tonify specific areas of need). SustenanceHerbs.com

What we love:

It improves stool quality and firmness for easier pickup.

Poop patrol

Make poop clean-up easier while improving Fido’s digestive health! Bernie’s Perfect Poop is a digestive support supplement that contains sun-cured miscanthus grass and other natural fibers, prebiotics, probiotics and enzymes to supercharge your dog’s digestive tract. It resolves digestive-related conditions, improves overall health and freshens breath. PerfectPoop.dog

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Nix the itch — naturally!

Although hot spots typically worsen during the summer, they can also persist into the fall and beyond, depending on where you live. Spina Organics’ Miracolo Oil features a blend of botanical extracts and essential oils — including argan, grapeseed, avocado and prickly pear oils — that heal small wounds and irritations, including hot spots, hives and dry skin. SpinaOrganics.com

What we love:

Rich in vitamin E, this natural oil heals while relieving burning and itching.

What we love:

Feast your eyes on this!

It mixes into food, so it’s easy to administer to finicky animals.

Good vision is vital to his well-being. Animal’s Necessity’s Ocu-GLO™ vision supplement is now available in a powder blend capsule. Formulated by veterinary ophthalmologists, it provides 13 key antioxidants (including grapeseed extract, lutein, Omega 3 fatty acids, astaxanthin and rutin) to strengthen and support vision in dogs and mature cats. Ocuglo.com

What we love:

“Want a biscuit?”

What we love:

These biscuits are veterinarian-formulated and made in the US from organicallygrown hemp.

Of course he does! Smart Hemp CBD Biscuits provide him with a tasty treat while addressing a spectrum of ailments and supporting his everyday health. Flavors include Chicken & Apple, Beef, Turkey, Sausage, Peanut Butter and Bacon. The biscuit format makes the CBD easy to administer and allows for fast uptake through his digestive system. TrySmartPet.com

Fresh food is more nutrient-rich, so this dog food is made in small batches on a weekly basis.

Clearing the air Air filtration is important when you have dogs and cats. Purrified Air’s five-phase system uses more than two pounds of activated carbon, along with zeolite, catechin, negative ionic ceramic balls and a filter pad for dust. As a result, parts per million of ammonia (urine odor) and hydrogen sulfide (feces odor) drop to undetectable levels. PurrifiedAir.com

What we love:

The fan is powerful but quiet, running about 35 cubic feet of air through the device every minute.

Wholesome food — no matter what his age

When choosing a food for your dog, natural is best. Life’s Abundance All Life Stage Dog Food is holisticallybalanced and provides the nutritional harmony needed to help your canine achieve and maintain optimal health. Made with high quality chicken meal and vegetables, as well as prebiotics and probiotics, antioxidants, Omega 3s and more. HealthyPetPower.com

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in mal Reiki A

MODALITY HIGHLIGHT

â&#x20AC;&#x201C; att

ractin g

y t i l a d o more attention as a healing m D gs Cats By Melinda Faubel Newton, DVM

ONCE DISMISSED AS BOGUS, REIKI IS BEING BROUGHT INTO SHELTERS, VETERINARY CLINICS AND OTHER ANIMAL FACILITIES AS AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO ENHANCE HEALING AND WELL-BEING IN DOGS AND CATS. 72

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one are the days when we naively believed there was a “pill for every ill”, and when veterinary medicine was primarily reactionary. Now, both dog and cat parents and veterinarians agree that the key to longevity in companion animals is disease prevention combined with early detection and treatment. To support this goal, more animal parents and professionals alike are turning to alternative modalities to help support canine and feline health and well-being. One example of these modalities is Reiki. Once regarded as little more than “woowoo”, Reiki for animals is now finding its way into a variety of professional settings, from shelters to vet clinics.

Most Reiki practitioners believe that all physical pain has non-physical roots in emotional trauma, negative mental patterns, or spiritual despair. During a healing session, the healer moves her hands as she feels different sensations; how long the hands need to stay in different positions depends on the session. The healer and the receiver cannot specify where the energy will go or what it will heal first. The energy goes where it is needed. Reiki will heal the oldest traumas first, removing the manifestations of the disease by its roots. For chronic conditions that are the product of time, multiple sessions may be required.

WHAT IS REIKI AND WHAT DOES IT DO?

Most Reiki schools acknowledge Dr. Mikao Usui as the founder of modern Reiki, although many believe this form of healing dates back thousands of years. The legend goes that Dr. Usui, a Japanese university professor in the 1800s, was asked by his students to demonstrate the method by which Jesus did his healing. His journey to answer this question took him on a ten-year quest that explored Christian and eventually Buddhist traditions. However, it’s important to remember that Reiki is not a religion, nor is it affiliated with any religion.

Reiki is an energy healing system that channels universal life energy through a practitioner’s hands along energetic pathways, thereby healing on physical, mental, emotional and spiritual levels. The energy is directed by intention from the healer to the receiver, be it a person or animal. Reiki practitioners do not take credit for healing, and they are also not responsible if healing does not take place. They merely act as a conduit, allowing the intelligent energy of Reiki to flow where it is most needed by the receiver.

WHERE DID REIKI COME FROM?

THE BIRTH OF REIKI FOR ANIMALS In 1995, Diane Stein wrote a book called Essential Reiki, which introduced Reiki to the mainstream Western world for the first time. Stein believed in making Reiki accessible and affordable, and in demystifying this universal healing system. While she briefly acknowledges the role Reiki can play in animal health, it was Elizabeth Fulton and Kathleen Prasad’s book Animal Reiki, published a decade later, that truly introduced Reiki as a viable healing modality for animals.

BENEFITS OF GIVING REIKI TO ANIMALS Reiki can induce deep relaxation and stress reduction, and benefits nervous or stressed animals, which is why it is often practiced in shelters. Reiki is also often used in end-of-life care; it can ease the dying process for both animals and their caregivers. There is no downside to using Reiki as a complementary treatment modality for dogs and cats. It is gentle, painless, noninvasive — and as long as proper consent and technique is used (see sidebar below) — stress-free and safe for animals. Reiki’s healing energy will go where it is needed in the dog or cat’s body and can be used from a distance, making it ideal for animals in a variety of settings such

“ASK” THE ANIMAL’S

PERMISSION

As in humans, Reiki can only be performed on animals with their permission. Offer the Reiki, and then respect the dog or cat’s wishes as to whether or not he chooses to accept healing — if he doesn’t want it, he may get up and walk away, change positions as if trying to avoid your hands, or give you a funny look or vocalization. However, many animals love Reiki, and after a session, they’ll often come to you for more when they need relaxation or healing. Animal Wellness

BECOMING AN ANIMAL REIKI PRACTITIONER

Becoming a Reiki practitioner does not require any special skills, inherent healing ability, or specific spirituality. Anyone can become a practitioner by taking a course and receiving attunements from a Reiki Master. Reiki classes differ between Masters, but the passing of Reiki from Master to student is a defining element, and this ritual sets it aside from other forms of energy healing. Once given, the attunement is in place for life. There are three levels of Reiki, each with its own set of attunements. Level 2 differs from Level 1 in that it allows for healing when the practitioner is not in direct contact with the receiver. Level 3 is reserved for those who wish to teach Reiki and make it a significant part of their lives. If you are interested in becoming an animal Reiki practitioner, it’s important to remember that this is a simplified explanation of the system and not a substitute for taking a class under a Master. You can find animal Reiki classes through Kathleen Prasad’s website at animalreikisource.com.

Reiki can help calm and relax animals in shelter or vet clinic settings.

Reiki is often used in end-oflife care; it can ease the dying process for both animals and their caregivers. as veterinary clinics, grooming centers, rescues, shelters or training facilities.

USING REIKI IN SHELTERS Reiki can be very successful when used in shelters, and is being used more often in these settings. In 2008, Kathleen Prasad and Leah D’Ambrosio founded the Shelter Animal Reiki Association (SARA, shelteranimalreikiassociation.org), a non-profit organization whose goal is to create peaceful healing environments at shelters and other animal care settings through the use of Reiki. Carolyn, a Reiki Level 2 practitioner, uses Reiki in combination with flower essences in animal shelters. She is also an experienced dog trainer and is often called when an intractable aggressive dog is in danger of being euthanized. Prior to arriving at the shelter, Carolyn performs self-healing Reiki and then a distance healing, sending the energy out with intention to the dog. Most of the time, after she arrives at the shelter, the out-of-control dog is sitting patiently, waiting for her at the kennel door to start the session.

REIKI IN VETERINARY CLINIC SETTINGS

Veterinary medicine is vital to an animal’s health and wellness, but it Animal Wellness

sometimes falls short of providing full answers to the mental, emotional and physical well-being of animal patients. Complementary or integrative medicine, which combines Western and alternative techniques, such as Reiki, work together nicely to keep our dogs and cats well. With this in mind, a growing number of integrative and holistic veterinarians are incorporating Reiki into their practices to help support the well-being and healing of their canine and feline patients. The AVHMA website currently lists nearly 140 holistic veterinarians in the US and Canada who offer Reiki as one of their modalities. When choosing a Reiki practitioner to work with your dog or cat, select someone who has experience and trains often, since both practicing and receiving Reiki energy is believed to deepen the practitioner’s understanding, which means the healing becomes more guided. Used in conjunction with a trusted veterinarian, a Reiki practitioner may benefit your animals and help him stay healthy for years to come. The author would like to thank Reiki practitioner, Carolyn Niehaus of AnimalSave, for sharing her expertise for this article.

Animal Wellness

COMMUNICATORS

INTEGRATIVE VETS Affordable Holistic Animal Therapies West Hollywood, CA USA Phone: 323-304-2984 Ballantrae Animal Hospital Margaret Hacking, DVM Stouffville, ON Canada Phone: (905) 640-6809 Website: www.AnimalWellnessCentre.com Beechmount Animal Hospital Waterloo, ON Canada Phone: (519) 888-6590 Website: www.beechmountanhosp.ca Dr. Lisa Burgess Millgrove Veterinary Services Millgrove, ON Canada Phone: (905) 690-4557 Email: service@burgessvet.com Website: www.millgrovevet.com Sharon R. Doolittle, DVM, Inc. Smithfield, RI USA Phone: (401) 349-2668 Email: vetinfo@holisticanimalvet.com Website: www.holisticanimalvet.com

Janice DeFonda Can We Talk Fayetteville, NY USA Phone: (315) 329-0116 Email: angelwhispurr@gmail.com Website: www.angelwhispurr.com

Dr. Autumn Drouin, DVM, ND and Dr. Sasan Haghighat (Hyatt), DVM, CVA North-East Newmarket Veterinary Service Newmarket, ON Canada Phone: (905) 830-1030 Email: holisticveterinarian@gmail.com Website: www.holistic-vet.ca

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• Acupuncture • Chiropractic •Conventional Medicine •Therapeutic Nutrition •Traditional Chinese Medicine Guelph, Ontario, Canada (519)836-2782 www.GuelphVet.com info@GuelphVet.com Harwood Oaks Animal Clinic Bedford, TX USA Phone: 817-354-7676 Website: www.harwoodoaksanimalclinic.com Hawks Prairie Veterinary Hospital Lacey, WA USA Phone: (360) 459-6556 Email: hawksprairievet@yahoo.com Website: www.hawksprairieveterinaryhospital.com Holistic Animal Care Stephanie Chalmers, DVM, CVH Santa Rosa, CA USA Phone: (707) 538-4643 Home Vet Weston, CT USA Phone: (203) 222-7979 Website: www.homevet.com

Carrie Hutchinson, VMD Rockledge Veterinary Clinic Rockledge, PA USA Phone: (215) 379-1677 Email: info@rockledgevet.com Website: www.rockledgevet.com

Essex Animal Hospital Essex, ON CAN Phone: (519) 776-7325 Email: info@essexanimalhospital.ca Website: www.essexanimalhospital.ca Family Veterinary Center Haydenville, MA USA Phone: (413) 268-8387 Website: www.famvets.com

Individualized, Integrative Veterinary Care

Horizon Veterinary Services Susan Maier, DVM Simpsonville, KY USA Phone: (502) 722-8231 Email: horizonvetserv@yahoo.com Website: www.horizonvetserv.com

Lydia Hiby Mysticviz Burbank, CA USA Phone: (818)-244-0091 Website: www.lydiahiby.com Lynn McKenzie Animal Energy Sedona, AZ USA Phone: (512) 827-0505 x 8642 Email: lynn@animalenergy.com Website: www.animalenergy.com

Dr. Caroline Goulard, DVM, CCRT, CVA, CVPP Paws on the Go Laguna Woods, CA USA Phone: (949) 707-1696 Email: cgoulard@pawsonthego.net Website: www.pawsonthego.net

Integrated Veterinary Clinic Sacramento, CA USA Phone: 916-454-1825 Gail Jewell, DVM Kelowna, BC Canada Phone: (888) 622-8300 Website: www.holisticvet.ca

communicators • integrative vets • natural products • pet psychics • publications • Reiki therapy • schools & wellness education • shelters & rescues •

SCHOOLS & WELLNESS EDUCATION

PET PSYCHICS

PetMassage, Ltd. Toledo, OH USA Toll Free: (800) 779-1001 Phone: (419) 475-3539 Email: info@petmassage.com Website: www.petmassage.com Healing Touch for Animals Highlands Ranch, CO USA Phone: (303) 470-6572 Email: drea@healingtouchforanimals.com Website: www.healingtouchforanimals.co Well Animal Institute Brighton, CO USA Phone: (303) 514-0076 Email: info@wellanimalinstitute.com Website: www.wellanimalinstitute.com

Dr. Shawn Messonnier Paws and Claws Vet Clinic Plano, TX USA Phone: (972) 712-0893 Email: shawnvet@sbcglobal.net Website: www.pettogethers.net/healthypet Mark Newkirk, VMD Newkirk Family Veterinarians Egg Harbor Township, NJ USA Phone: (609) 645-2120 Email: mnewk@alternativevet.com Website: www.alternativevet.com

SHELTERS & RESCUES

REIKI THERAPY Aileen D’Angelo, RMT, Cn. TPM Hoof, Paw & Claw Reiki Northboro, MA USA Phone: (508) 393-3684 Email: hoofpawclaw@verizon.net Website: www.reikiforcritters.com

NATURAL PRODUCT

MANUFACTURERS & DISTRIBUTORS Azmira Holistic Animal Care Tuscon, AZ USA Phone: (800) 497-5665 Email: info@azmira.com Website: www.azmira.com

Amy Pikalek Hikari Natural Healing Madison, WI USA Phone: (608) 886-8778 Email: hikarihealing@yahoo.com Website: www.hikarihealing.com

Alaskan Malamute Mt. Gilead, OH USA Phone: (419) 512-2423 Email: shaman@brightnet.net American Brittany Rescue Sugar Grove, IL USA Phone: (866) BRIT-911 Email: rhonda@americanbrittanyrescue.org Website: www.americanbrittanyrescue.org Animal Avengers Los Angeles, CA USA Phone: (323) 655-4220 Email: admin@animalavengers.com Website: www.animalavengers.com

NATURAL PRODUCT RETAILERS Dog Gone Dirt All Natural Dog & Horse Skin Care Products Crescent City, FL USA Phone: (386) 559-3454 Email: doggonedirt@yahoo.com Website: www.doggonedirt.co

Advertise your business in the Wellness Resource Guide

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Animal Wellness

FELINE BEHAVIOR

IS YOUR CAT DEPRESSED? If your cat doesn’t seem his usual self, it’s possible he may be depressed. Learn the possible signs and symptoms, and work with your vet to uncover the cause and find a solution. Depression in humans has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. A 2017 study by the National Institute of Mental Health found that an estimated 17.3 million adults has had at least one major depressive episode, characterized by a loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities, as well as problems with sleeping, eating, energy, concentration and self-worth. When it comes to depression in cats, however, the picture isn’t as clear. A diagnosis of depression in humans is primarily based on self-reported symptoms, but the disease is much harder to assess in cats. Let’s take a look at feline depression and how it’s diagnosed and treated. If your cat starts showing signs of possible depression (see sidebar at right), the first step is to take him to the vet for a thorough exam, since any of these symptoms can also indicate of a number of different illnesses. It’s important to rule these out before assuming your cat is depressed.

Causes of depression in cats

The most common cause for depression in cats can be the loss of a human companion or another animal in the household. Even though cats have a reputation for being aloof, they form strong bonds with humans and other animals, including other cats. As a result, losing a beloved companion can lead to depression.

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Pain may be another cause. Cats are masters at masking discomfort, Animal Wellness

and by the time pain becomes obvious to cat guardians or even veterinarians, the cat may have been living with it for a considerable time. Extrapolating once again from human medicine, we know there is a strong link between chronic pain and depression.

While boredom more commonly leads to behavioral problems such as destructive scratching and aggression towards humans and other cats, it can also cause depression. Lack of human interaction in particular can cause cats to become depressed.

Changes in routine may also be responsible for causing depression. Cats are creatures of habit, and disruptions in their routine — anything from a new piece of furniture to a new human or feline family member — can cause stress and disturb their sense of equilibrium.

How is feline depression diagnosed? Since cats can’t tell us why they’re sad, the veterinarian will need to rely on traditional diagnostics to rule out other medical issues. “There is no scientific way I know of to diagnose depression in cats,” says feline veterinarian Dr. Lynn Bahr. “Because they are not verbal and their communication with us is limited, we can only look for signs that may indicate depression.”

By Ingrid King

In addition to taking a full history of symptoms and a thorough physical exam, your vet may perform blood tests, x-rays and ultrasound. If your cat checks out fine medically, your vet will help you look for external stressors that may be causing your cat’s depression.

SIGNS YOUR CAT MAY BE DEPRESSED If your cat shows one or more of the following symptoms, she may be depressed: • Loss of appetite or overeating • E xcessive grooming or lack of same • Hiding or avoiding human contact • Litter box avoidance • E xcessive vocalization • Change in behavior or personality

Treating depression in cats GRIEF: A cat who is grieving needs extra compassion and care. Spending extra time with the cat, providing new toys or beds, engaging him in interactive play, and giving him special treats can all help. Holistic modalities such as Reiki, Tellington TTouch and other forms of energy healing can also be beneficial. Holistic remedies such as flower essences can support depressed cats through the grieving process. PAIN: “In order to successfully treat depression, it is helpful to understand the underlying cause,” says Dr. Bahr. “If the

cat’s depression is due to pain, then obviously finding ways to relieve that pain is extremely important.” This might require conventional medication to start with, but depending on the cause of the pain, a range of integrative and holistic therapies can help. For example, arthritis pain can be relieved with joint supplements, acupuncture, Assisi loops, etc. BOREDOM: “Play, along with items that provide mental stimulation, like food

puzzles, cat grass, and window perches with bird feeders to watch, can all help the cat engage more with his environment and relieve boredom,” says Mikel Delgado, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at the School of Veterinary Medicine at UC Davis. STRESS FROM A CHANGE IN ROUTINE: “If the depression is due to stress, then figuring out what the major stressors are and how to eliminate them

will help,” says Dr. Bahr. If your cat’s depression arises from the addition of a new animal to the household, there are a few things you can do. “Consider a slower introduction to the new pet based on positive experiences, or add more vertical space so he can avoid the stressful situation,” says Dr. Delgado. Though depression in cats can be tricky to diagnose, there are lots of ways to alleviate it once you know the cause.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT HELPS PREVENT FELINE DEPRESSION Since depression in cats is often caused by external factors, eliminating or minimizing those factors will help prevent a problem from developing in the first place. “Many cats suffer depression from living solely within four walls, where they lack access to fresh air, sunshine, grass, and the opportunity to explore, climb, hunt and hide,” says Dr. Bahr. “I imagine they experience the hopelessness of a life devoid of enrichment, in which every day is exactly the same.” Environmental enrichment is a necessity for your cat’s physical, mental and emotional health. “We can prevent stress-related behaviors by first providing the cat with an enriched and appropriate environment with adequate resources — such as multiple litter boxes, perches and beds — to help him feel safe,” says Dr. Delgado. Exercise and other activities that allow cats to express their natural instincts are also key. “Stimulating both their minds and bodies is the best way to prevent indoor cats from becoming bored, depressed, overweight and inactive,” says Dr. Bahr.

Animal Wellness

NUTRITION FACTS

Crickets for canines By Matthew Berk

Take a look at the numerous benefits of cricket protein for dogs, and why it’s a feasible alternative to traditional meats. The thought of eating bugs isn’t exactly appealing… taste-wise, anyway. As far as the health of the planet and our dogs is concerned, however, it’s actually a very attractive option! Cricket protein is becoming widely known as a superfood thanks to its nutritionally-dense profile, and

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it’s a favorite among eco-conscious shoppers due to its low impact on the environment. In terms of palatability, it’s not as bad as people think — and dogs love it! Here’s a closer look at this unusual new pet food trend, and why you shouldn’t knock it before you try it.

8 BENEFITS OF CRICKETBASED PROTEIN Believe it or not, there are several reasons why crickets are a smart alternative to traditional proteins like beef and chicken. In fact, this isn’t news in many areas of the world. Entomophagy, the practice of eating

insects, is commonplace in Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and South America. In recent years, bugs have also been creeping onto the North American market, and now it’s not uncommon in Canada and Europe to find cricket flour — made from roasted finely-milled crickets — listed on the ingredient labels at pet food stores. So before you turn your nose up in disgust at the idea, take a look at the following eight reasons why cricket protein is viable food for your dog!

1. IT EASES ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS One of the main incentives for dog parents to switch their canines to a cricket-based diet (where it’s accessible — see sidebar on page 82) is the positive impact it has on the planet. Compared to raising and producing traditional sources of meat, cricket protein uses less land and water, and emits hardly any greenhouse gases such as methane (80 times less than cattle). The waste produced during the processing of cricket-based flours is also minimal. “Some environmental benefits can be seen when comparing how you raise crickets versus other proteins,” says Melanie Dobbin, Cricket Science Technician at Midgard Farms, a Nova Scotia-based cricket producer and researcher. “Raising cattle requires a lot of water, food and time. Crickets, on the other hand, are bred in very large numbers, require minimal space and very small quantities of food and water. Overall, harvesting crickets is 750 times more land-efficient than beef is, making it much more environmentally-friendly.”

2. IT’S A GOOD ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN SOURCE FOR ALLERGIC DOGS It’s quite common for dogs to develop sensitivities to food ingredients they’re exposed to on a regular basis. The offending foods (usually meat, dairy or eggs) can trigger an adverse response such as itchy skin or gastrointestinal issues, leaving the dog uncomfortable at best — or extremely ill at worst. If your pup suffers from a food allergy or intolerance, switching him to a novel protein diet is a simple solution. “Because it hasn’t been overused, we’re finding that cricket protein is a great choice for dogs with allergies or sensitivities to traditional proteins,” says Anne Carlson, founder of Jiminy’s, a company that makes pet food and treats using cricket protein.

3. IT’S MORE HUMANE As dog parents become more concerned about the humane treatment of animals, many are switching their canine companions to vegetarian diets. But dogs can’t thrive on plant-based protein sources without careful supplementation. Enter cricket protein — a humane option that delivers the biologicallyappropriate nutrients dogs need. “One of the key reasons cricket protein is more humane than traditional proteins is that the crickets have long and happy lives,” says Anne. “They’re raised in cricket condos that allow them to live in a way as close as possible to how they would in the natural world.”

To harvest crickets, the temperature in their condos is lowered to put the insects into a hibernation-like state — a process that occurs only once they reach the end of their natural life cycle. “The average chicken lives less than 2% of its natural life in crowded terrible conditions, whereas a cricket lives 75% to 80% of its natural life before being harvested,” adds Anne.

4. IT’S A CLEAN, COMPLETE PROTEIN Gram for gram, crickets are one of the most protein-rich sources available. Cricket protein is a considered a complete protein, meaning it contains all nine essential amino acids that dogs require. “While red meat is often recognized as a significant source of protein, crickets actually have a protein content that’s about three times higher than beef,” says Melanie. “Even with their higher protein content, crickets also provide more essential amino acids than beef when the two are compared on the same weight basis.” Additionally, crickets are a very clean source of protein and do not contain antibiotics, pesticides, GMOs and heavy metals. Because they’re often raised in controlled, chemical-free environments with free-range access to food and water, they remain healthy until they’re harvested.

5. IT’S PACKED FULL OF NUTRIENTS Crickets are a whole food (i.e. the entire insect is used), which means they’re very nutritionally dense. Besides protein, cricket flour contains numerous macronutrients and micronutrients that support your dog’s health. “Crickets are a great Animal Wellness

Photos courtesy of Jiminy's

WHERE TO BUY

cricket-based pet food At the time of this writing, cricket protein has not been approved by AAFCO for use in pet foods in the US. More studies are needed to determine the long-term health consequences of feeding insect-based diets to companion animals, and until that time, American pet parents won’t have that option available to them. That said, interest in these types of diets is continuing to grow as more information is released. Cricket-based pet foods are currently available in Europe and Canada, and according to PetfoodIndustry.com, insects ranked number one among all pet food ingredients searched on their website in 2018. If you’re interested in introducing crickets into your dog’s diet, cricket protein treats are available across North America from companies like Jiminy’s (jiminys.com) and Midgard Farms (mymidgard.com).

Animal Wellness

source of vitamins, minerals, Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, and they actually provide more iron, vitamin B12 and magnesium that beef does,” says Melanie. “All these nutrients help contribute to the health and longevity of your dog.” Crickets also contain a large dose of taurine.

6. IT SUPPORTS GUT HEALTH The cricket’s exoskeleton is a good source of prebiotic fiber, which contributes to a healthy digestive system. “You won't find chitin in traditional sources of animal protein,” adds Melanie. Aside from chitin, cricket protein itself is also loaded with fiber. In a recent study, Jiminy’s and AnimalBiome studied the impact of cricket protein’s fiber on the dog’s gut. “Fiber is a benefit not normally seen in a protein — other animal proteins don’t contain it — but cricket protein is loaded with it,” says Anne. “The study established that this fiber supports a healthy, balanced level of gut bacteria diversity in dogs. We also noticed other benefits — for example, stool bulking for easier cleanup.”

7. IT’S VERY DIGESTIBLE In the same study, the researchers looked at the canine’s ability to digest cricket protein. “There were a lot of great studies that showed other animals, like piglets, thriving on cricket protein, but there were not as many for dogs,” says Anne. “Together with Iowa State, we confirmed that cricket protein is a high quality digestible protein for dogs, scoring as high in digestibility as chicken and beef.”

8. IT TASTES GOOD! While we might be repulsed by the thought of eating insects, dogs certainly aren’t. In fact, digging for grubs is an instinctual canine behavior that many pups enjoy — even the picky ones! “One of the first questions I personally had was ‘will dogs like this?’” says Anne. “So I ordered some crickets online and gave them to my dogs. Well, the drool came fast — they loved it. Of course, I’ve tried cricket protein myself and it does taste good. It’s nutty and a bit earthy, so it makes sense that dogs love it!”

IN FOCUS

VET TECHS

D gs Cats

and what they do By Emily Watson

You’ve probably met at least one veterinary technician at your vet’s office, but how much do you know about the role she plays in the clinic setting? Here’s how a vet tech can help you, and why she's an invaluable member of your dog or cat’s healthcare team. Think about the last time you took your dog or cat to the vet. Did you spend more time with the veterinarian, or with the nice lady holding a clipboard who took your animal’s temperature? Probably the latter! That lady — or gentleman — is a vet tech, and he or she is an important member of your dog or cat’s health care team. This article will look at the role veterinary technicians play, and outline the numerous ways you can make the most of their skills next time you take Fluffy in for a checkup.

Understanding the role of a veterinary technician A vet tech is many things — a liaison between you and your veterinarian, an administrative assistant, and an expert in delivering patient examinations, to name a few. But despite this wide skillset, many animal parents don’t realize just how much knowledge and support their vet techs have to offer. To earn their credentials, RVTs require a degree in veterinary technology from a two- or four-year accredited program. “Much like human nursing, licensing requirements vary by state,” says former RVT Melissa Oglesbee,

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BS, AAS. “But usually, you have to have passed the VTNE (a national test that proves your veterinary knowledge) and the state veterinary medical board test (which tests your knowledge of things like state regulations).” Whether an RVT ends up working in a conventional clinic or alongside a holistic vet, the training is the same. Also like human nurses, vet techs typically play a variety of different roles every day. From trimming animals’ nails to assisting veterinarians with surgical operations, their duties are numerous and the work never stops. “There is always a lot going on and a typical day is never the same,” says

Christine Caplan, CVT. “You may start out assisting with a wellness appointment, doing a skin scrape to look for a fungal infection, drawing blood, calling patients that were in the day before for surgery, handling patients in the hospital for treatments, performing dental cleanings…the constant for a vet tech is ‘constant change’.”

How vet techs help dog and cat parents Answer questions Besides helping animal patients and veterinarians, vet techs are also there to help you — the client. If you have general questions about your dog or cat’s health, there’s no need to save them all for your vet. Often, the tech will be able to give you the answers you’re seeking, with the occasional exception (see sidebar on page 85). “A tech will typically handle a discharge after dental cleanings, surgery and other procedures to ensure the client knows what to do at home and what meds to give the pet,” says Christine. “Always ask your tech to help with questions such as: how do I administer that medication? What can I do after I bring my dog home from a procedure? What should I look for after vaccinations?”

Veterinary technician titles In the US, RVTs (registered veterinary technicians) can also be known as CVTs (certified veterinary technicians) or LVTs (licensed veterinary technicians), depending on state legislation. In Canada, the term RVT is used nationally.

Vet technician vs. vet assistant What’s the difference between a veterinary technician and a veterinary assistant? Both these job titles exist in most veterinary practices, and they sound very similar. However, they’re actually quite distinct. Vet techs are certified professionals who have completed a board exam to earn their credentials, while assistants solely have on-thejob training. Both are typically highly-skilled and important cogs in the machine, but veterinary assistants aren’t always as knowledgeable as techs when it comes to patient health.

Help you understand your pet’s case Vet techs are also great at explaining the information provided by your veterinarian in clearer terms. It’s easy to get overwhelmed during your dog or cat’s appointment and forget certain instructions or diagnoses, and the vet tech can help you sort it all out in your mind. If you have to leave your dog or cat at the clinic for a procedure or to be monitored, chances are the veterinary technicians on duty will be responsible for feeding your animal, taking him out for bathroom breaks, changing bandages and catheters, taking x-rays, administering bloodwork, cleaning his ears and other tasks. Depending on the size of the practice, the vet techs might also perform certain procedures and administer vaccines. This makes your veterinary technician your most valuable resource upon your animal’s discharge, so don’t be afraid to have him or her explain what occurred during your dog or cat’s stay. Give you a cost breakdown Your appointment is over, and all your health-related questions have been

answered. Now it’s time to pay! If you ask the vet a question about your bill, chances are he or she will refer you to the receptionist. However, the receptionist likely isn’t familiar enough with your animal’s case to help you understand the cost breakdown. Enter your vet tech! He or she can shed light on why certain procedures were required, and remind you why the supplements or medication that were prescribed are necessary for your dog or cat’s health. The next time you’re at the veterinary clinic, be sure to use your vet tech as a resource. Make the most of your time by asking questions, and absorb the knowledge he or she has to offer — and be sure to say ‘thank you’ while you’re at it!

What CAN’T vet techs do? As we’ve seen, vet techs are low-key superheroes who play a huge role in your dog or cat’s health. But there are a few things they can’t do. “There are three main things a veterinary technician cannot do,” says Melissa. “Diagnose and/or prognose, prescribe medication, and perform surgery. For example, you can tell a client their pet has hemorrhagic (bloody) diarrhea (a symptom), but you cannot say the animal has hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (a diagnosis).”

Animal Wellness

SAY “cheese”!

TRAINING YOUR DOG TO POSE FOR PHOTOS By Tonya Wilhelm

If your dog doesn’t cooperate when you try to take good pictures of him, you’re not alone. These 5 tips will soon have you photographing your canine companion like a pro!

If you take photos of your dog, you know that getting the perfect shot can be a challenge. It seems as soon as you get your camera out, that ideal pose is lost as your dog slumps, turns his head, runs up to meet you, or walks away. These five suggestions will help you train your dog to stay put, and even strike a fun pose, so you can capture some wonderful portraits!

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5 TIPS FOR TAKING BETTER PHOTOS OF YOUR DOG Train your dog to do a reliable stay. For the best photos, you'll want your dog to stay in place without wiggling around.

Start with him in a sitting position and give him a treat every second for five seconds. Then tell him “okay” and encourage him to get up. “Okay” will teach him he's to stay put until he hears you say it. Next, ask your dog to sit again and increase the time before giving him a treat. Instead of a treat every second, give him one every two seconds. Again, after five treats, tell him “okay” to release him from his stay. Continue this process until your dog has a nice reliable five-second stay. Now, it's time to add your stay cue. Ask him to “stay” and go through your training process as before. If he's having trouble staying in place, decrease the treating time again to find his success point, and rebuild from there. After your dog has mastered a one-minute sit stay, it's time to teach him to stay even when you move away. This can be very difficult for most dogs in the beginning, so baby steps are important. Start with your dog in a sitting position. Give him his stay cue, take one small step back, then return to your dog and give him a treat. Repeat this five times, giving your dog a treat after every step away and return. After your five sets, say “okay” to release him. Continue your distance training by adding one step at a time and doing five reps. For example, take two steps back, return to your dog, treat and repeat. Do five sets at each level before adding an additional step. Remember, if at any time your dog is not successful, go back to taking fewer steps.

One way to capture cute photos is to teach your dog to place his front feet on a slightly raised object. Teach him a “look” behavior. In the canine world, direct eye contact can be a threat. To help your dog enjoy eye contact, keep your face relaxed, casual and happy. No stern looks here.

Place a treat to your dog’s nose, and slowly move the treat to between your eyes. As soon as he looks at the treat and your eyes, say “yes” and give

Use natural lighting when possible Using a flash can cause harsh lighting, red eyes and dark shadows. Even more importantly, your dog is unlikely to appreciate those bright bursts of light. Even if he does tolerate the flash, he will start to squint during his photos and even look away from the camera. Go outdoors to an area with few distractions, or choose a room with large windows and good lighting. If you are really stuck, consider purchasing a small photography light to brighten the area.

Animal Wellness

him the treat. The “yes” tells your dog he did the correct thing and his reward is coming. Repeat this split second eye contact lesson five times for five treats. If your dog is successful and doesn’t look away, increase the time by one second by placing a treat to your dog’s nose, slowly moving it from his nose to yours, count to two, say “yes” and treat. Repeat this two-second process for five more sets. If he’s successful, continue to add one second and do five reps each time. When your dog achieves a nice five-second look, it’s time to name the behavior. Say “look” and repeat the five-second training process. Continue to build on this behavior until your dog can look without turning away for 15 seconds.

To help your dog enjoy eye contact, keep your face relaxed, casual and happy.

Teach your dog “two paws up”. One way to capture cute photos is to teach your dog to place his front feet on a slightly raised object. Combine this with his stay, and you can stage amazing photos.

Find a secure and low object such as a large book, and grab a few treats. Set the book in front of you and call your dog over. Place the treat to your dog's nose and start to lure his head over the book as you slightly move backwards. As your dog moves his front feet towards or onto the book, say “yes” and treat.

Continue this process with other objects such as a flat pillow, box, step, etc. Just ensure the object is sturdy.

Continue this process until he is easily placing his front feet on the book. When he gets to this point, say “up”, right before you lure him onto the book.

Once he's happily stepping up on objects, practice his stay on them. You are so close to some stunning photos of your dog!

Target your dog's eyes. When positioning yourself, your dog, the background and camera, think of your dog's eyes. You want your camera to be at his eye level.

To help encourage him to look at the camera, look over the camera instead of through the lens. This will be comforting to your dog, and you can practice his “look” behavior at the same time. You can also hold a treat just below the camera lens to get his eyes right on target. Just be careful not to get the treat in the lens!

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Keep photo sessions short. The best way to get the right photo is to keep your photo sessions short and sweet.

Maybe five to ten minutes. Take your dog's cue. If he seems to be getting restless, stop and play a game of ball. Like children, dogs get tired of posing, sitting still, and being asked to do “silly” things. Take your time and be patient. Remember, the photos you take will become treasured keepsakes, so enjoy!

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ALTERNATIVE APPROACH

How helps keep animals healthy in a toxic world

D gs Cats

By Stephen R. Blake, BSc, DVM, CVA, CVH, Usui Reiki Master

MORE AND MORE TOXINS ARE POLLUTING OUR ENVIRONMENT, LEADING TO BODILY STRESS AND DISEASE IN OUR DOGS AND CATS. GEMMOTHERAPY IS AN EXCELLENT WAY TO HELP COMBAT THESE EFFECTS. A growing number of dog and cat parents are concerned about the detrimental effects our toxic world is having on their four-legged companions. If you’re one of them, you might want to consider gemmotherapy as an effective way to support your best friend’s health and well-being.

Using gemmotherapy to combat toxic states Vaccinations, drugs and petrochemicals are rampant in our society and environment. These toxins can block cell replication, without which we see organ failure and disease processes in ourselves and our animals. I have used classical homeopathy, acupuncture, glandular therapy and other modalities for over 35 years, and in many cases my patients were not progressing no matter what I tried. There was a factor that none of my modalities was remedying. It wasn’t until I discovered gemmotherapy that I was able to help these cases. Gemmotherapy is not a cure-all, of course (see page 92 for more about this technique), but it is another tool that can beautifully Continued on page 92.

Animal Wellness

Gemmotherapies that are helpful for dogs and cats GEMMOTHERAPY USES

DOSAGE

MOUNTAIN PINE

Excellent for any problems related to the spine. Will strengthen and detox the spine. For many small joint-related problems. I have used it for discrelated paralysis, spinal trauma, spondylosis, degenerative myelopathy, degenerative arthritis and chronic back pain.

1-4 times per day

WILD WOODVINE

For any joint-related problem, such as hip dysplasia, anterior cruciate ruptures, sprains/strains, degenerative arthritis, cartilage damage, etc.

1-4 times per day

COMMON JUNIPER

For liver-related problems. Helpful for hepatic insufficiency with markedly disturbed laboratory tests. The remedy for a very deficient liver in decompensation phase with jaundice, cirrhosis etc.

Once per day for six weeks, then once per week thereafter for rest of animal’s life

LIME TREE

For any neurological diseases. I use it for behavior conditions; very effective in calming the nervous system so the animal can act instead of react. Excellent remedy for epilepsy, rabies miasms, vaccine-related neurological disease, ADHD and phobias.

1-4 times per day as needed

EUROPEAN HAWTHORNE

For cardiac-related disease. Regulates slow cardiac movement, and increases 2 times per day, depending myocardial tone, particularly in the left side of the heart. Has a sedative on animal’s needs effect on all pericardial pain. Indicated in cardiac insufficiency and associated symptoms, cardiac spasms, tachycardias, cardiomyopahty and arrhythmias.

BLACK CURRANT

Detoxes and strengthens the adrenal glands. Excellent substitute for cortisone, antihistamines or anti-inflammatories. Very helpful in pruritis cases to help manage itching while detoxing and balancing the immune system.

1-4 times per day for any allergic condition

BLOODTWIG DOGBERRY

For any thyroid-related problem, e.g. hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and cancers of the thyroid gland. Excellent adjunct therapy for helping detox and strengthen thyroid gland.

2 times per day

GIANT REDWOOD

For weakness of anything below the waist. For urinary incontinence, paraparesis and paralysis of rear limbs. I have had several prostatitis cases respond immediately to Giant Redwood with no further problems.

2 times per day

ROWAN TREE

Drainer for the ears, nose and throat. Assists body in clearing toxins that may be blocking the efforts of the body to heal in these areas. For hearing loss, chronic otitis, nasal discharge, tonsillitis and chronic choking conditions.

2 times per day or as needed for choking

FIG TREE

Incredible for any GI-related illness, e.g. IBD, colitis, acute or chronic diarrhea, vomiting.

Once per meal or as needed for vomiting and diarrhea

EUROPEAN OAK

Helps balance adrenal gland and male hormones. I use it in neutered males to help establish a better hormonal balance secondary to castration. Excellent for deficient adrenal glands and can help in Addison’s disease. Strengthens the mucosa in periodontal disease.

2 times per day

EUROPEAN WALNUT

Drainer and support for the pancreas.